新中国成立以来空气污染治理的政策演进:变迁阶段、内在逻辑与未来趋向

China’s Air Pollution Control Policy Evolution since the Founding of the People’s Republic:Transitional Stages,Internal Motives and Future Trends

新中国成立70多年以来空气污染治理的政策演进充分彰显出以中国共产党作为核心的执政施政团队对空气污染问题的高度重视。文章运用历史分析方法,结合在各个阶段空气污染的实际状况、不同阶段治理内容与对象、不同阶段治理策略与重点,对新中国成立以来空气污染治理政策演进予以解析。研究发现,中国的空气污染治理政策演进历经了工业点源污染治理阶段。法治途径下的管控肇始阶段。逐步重视市场机制阶段。强调总量控制与区域联防联控治理的渐进推行阶段。重视化与合作化的综合治理等五个变迁阶段,贯穿演进的内在逻辑主要是空气污染治理政策主体的多元化、政策内容的精细化、政策工具的科学化以及政策主体关联的合作化。最后,在结合前文复盘的基础上,试图分析后蓝天保卫战时期中国空气污染治理政策面临的挑战,以及对未来趋向进行了前瞻。

The evolution of air pollution control policies since the founding of the People’s Republic of China over the past 70 years has fully demonstrated that the successive ruling and governing teams with the Communist Party of China at the core attach great importance to the air pollution problem.Using historical analysis methods,this paper analyzes the evolution of air pollution control policies since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,combined with the actual situation of air pollution,the content and objects of governance and the strategies and priorities of governance at different stages.The study finds that the evolution of China’s air pollution control policy has gone through the stage of industrial point source pollution control,the initial stage of control under the legal system,the stage of gradually attaching importance to the market mechanism and the stage of gradual implementation of total control and regional joint prevention and control.The internal logic of the evolution is mainly the diversification of air pollution control policy subjects,the refinement of policy content,the scientificization of policy tools,and the“networking”and“networking”associated with policy subjects.This paper also attempts to analyze the challenges faced by China's air pollution control policy in the post-“Blue Sky Defense War”period as well as looks forward to future trends.