互助养老能否推广:一个文化资本理论的解释与解答

Can the Mutual-aid Elderly Care Model be Popularized:An Explanation and Solution of Cultural Capital Theory

近年来,关于互助养老是否能够推广的争论一直没有停止。为了系统解释互助养老现象,本研究从文化资本理论视角出发,提出了互助养老的基础是特定文化资本的发生、发展和作用。作为一种文化资本,“孝道”“尊老”从多个方面共同建构起了互助养老的必要条件。身体化的文化资本形成了“互助是义务”的约束机制;客观化的文化资本形成了“场域可共享”的合作机制;机构化的文化资本则形成了“外部有认可”的激励机制。中国历史上“孝文化”作用的回顾解释了互助养老兴衰的过程。对当前几种主要互助养老方式的分析则揭示了文化资本的具体作用机制。对不同文化资本的培育和积累为城乡多种互助养老方式提供了可能,也将丰富未来的养老模式。

In recent years,the debate about whether mutual aid for the aged can be promoted has not stopped.In order to systematically explain the phenomenon of mutual assistance for the aged,this paper puts forward from the perspective of cultural capital theory that the foundation of mutual aid for the aged is the occurrence,development and function of specific cultural capital.As a kind of cultural capital,“filial piety”and“respect for the elderly”form the necessary conditions of mutual aid elderly care from many aspects.The physical cultural capital forms the restraint mechanism of“mutual aid is obligation”;The objectified cultural capital forms the cooperation mechanism of“shared field”;The institutionalized cultural capital forms the incentive mechanism of“external recognition”.By reviewing the function of“filial piety culture”in Chinese history,This paper explains the process of the rise and fall of mutual aid for the aged.The cultivation and accumulation of different cultural capital provides the possibility for a variety of mutual aid elderly care modes in urban and rural areas,and will also enrich the future old-age support mode.