学龄前儿童言语诱发听性脑干反应的研究

Speech Evoked Auditory Brainstem Responses in Preschool Children

目的分析学龄前(3~6岁)儿童的言语诱发听性脑干反应(speech evoked auditory brainstem response;speech-ABR),探讨学龄前儿童的脑干言语处理功能的发展特征及与语言能力的相关性。方法招募104名正常发育的学龄前儿童,根据年龄分为3~4岁组(n=49)和5~6岁组(n=55),所有的被试都进行speech-ABR测试及其家长填写幼儿多元智力评定问卷-言语语言分量表。结果5~6岁组的学龄前儿童瞬态成分V波(6.60±0.21ms)和A波(7.62±0.28ms)的潜伏期较3-4岁组儿童(V波:6.72±0.33ms;A波:7.81±0.38ms)显著性地缩短(V波:t=2.755,P=0.007;A波:t=2.723,P=0.008);5~6岁组的A波(-0.15±0.06μv)波幅明显高于3~4岁组(A波:-0.13±0.04μv)(A波:t=2.136,P=0.035);学龄前儿童瞬态响应A波波幅与言语语言能力得分呈正性偏相关(r=0.288,P<0.05)。结论学龄前儿童听性脑干对言语刺激声编码的同步性能力还在持续发展,而锁相能力相对稳定,提示学龄前儿童其皮层下听觉处理功能尚未发育成熟,而且该编码能力可能与语言能力相关。

Objective To report speech evoked auditory brainstem responses(speech-ABRs)in preschool children(3-6 years old)to understand developmental characteristics of brainstem level auditory processing function and their correlation with language.Methods One hundred and four normal preschool children were recruited and divided into a 3-4 years old group(n=49)and a 5-6 years old group(n=55).All participants received speech-ABR test and their parents completed the Early Child Multiple Intelligences Rating Questionnaires–Speech-Language subscale.Results Latencies of waves V(6.60±0.21 ms)and A(7.62±0.28 ms)were shorter in the 5-6 years old group as compared to the 3-4 years old group(6.72±0.33 ms and 7.81±0.38 ms,respectively)(t=2.755,P=0.007 and t=2.723,P=0.008,respectively).Wave A amplitude was significantly higher in the 5-6 years old group(-0.15±0.06μv)than in the 3-4 years old group(:-0.15±0.06μv)(t=2.136,P=0.035).There was a positive partial correlation between wave A amplitude and language scores after controlling for gender and age(r=0.288,P<0.05).Conclusion The synchronization ability of the auditory brainstem to speech stimulus coding in preschool children continues to develop,while the ability of phase-locking remains relatively stable,suggesting that subcortical auditory processing in preschool children is yet to mature,which is related to language ability.