没收的正义——基于《监察法》没收违法所得条款之诠释

Justice of Confiscation:Interpretation on the Confiscating Clause of Illegal Gains Based on the Supervision Law

《监察法》中的违法所得没收条款,系任何人不得因自身的不法行为获得利益原理的具体体现,不让贪腐分子因腐败获益、补充常规监察手段不足以及加强国际反腐败合作是其价值基础。从属性上看,违法所得没收程序是让利益状态恢复到违法之前的保安处分,属于典型的对物程序和缺席审判程序。违法所得没收程序的适用须符合特定的罪名范围要求,被调查人的状态要求,案件重大、复杂且有必要继续调查,以及没收财产范围等要求。为确保没收程序的合法正当,应加强对监察机关提出没收违法所得申请、检察机关向人民法院提出没收违法所得申请、人民法院进行司法审查等三个阶段的程序控制。

The confiscation clause of illegal gains in the Supervision Law is a concrete manifestation of the principle that no one shall gain benefits from their own illegal activities.Its value foundation is to prevent corrupt elements from benefiting from corruption,supplement the lack of conventional super-vision methods,and strengthen international anti-corruption cooperation.From the perspective of at-tributes,the confiscation of illegal gains procedure only restores the state of interests to the security measures before the violation,and belongs to typical in rem procedures and absentia trial procedures.The application of the procedure for confiscating illegal gains must comply with specific requirements for the scope of charges,the status of the investigated person,the significant and complex nature of the case,and the need for further investigation,as well as the scope of confiscation of property.To ensure the legality and legitimacy of the confiscation process,it is necessary to strengthen the proce-dural control of three stages:filing an application for confiscation of illegal gains with supervisory or-gans,filing an application for confiscation of illegal gains with procuratorial organs to the people's court,and conducting judicial review by the peoples court.