麦玉轮作区不同施氮量对夏玉米生物性状及产量的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Yield and Agronomic Traits of Maize in Wheat-corn Rotation Area

为研究麦玉轮作区在受洪涝受害后不同施氮量对夏玉米产量的影响,并分析玉米生物性状、产量及经济效益对不同施氮量响应的差异。于2022年采用小区试验,设置6种氮肥施用量模式,分别设常规施磷钾肥(CK,T_(1))、常规施肥减施氮肥15%(T_(2))、常规施肥减施氮肥5%(T_(3))、常规施肥(T_(4))、常规施肥增施氮肥5%(T_(5))和常规施肥增施氮肥15%(T_(6))6个处理。结果表明,在一定范围内,随着施氮量的增加,夏玉米穗长、穗粗、株高等生物性状呈增长趋势,秃尖长度呈降低趋势,以T_(5)最佳。随着氮肥施用量的增加,玉米籽粒产量表现为先升高后降低的变化趋势,T_(5)和T_(6)产量分别为9201.0和9166.5 kg/hm^(2),显著高于常规减施氮肥的T_(1)、T_(2)和T_(3)。不同施氮量处理经济效益较T_(1)均有不同程度增加,T_(5)最高,为23922.6元/hm^(2)。综合分析,麦玉轮作区在受洪涝受害后以常规施肥增施氮肥5%处理产量和经济效益最佳。

In order to study nitrogen utilization efficiency of summer maize in wheat-maize crop rotation area affected by flood in 2022,a plot experiment was designed to study the effects of different nitrogen rates on the yield,agronomic traits,economic benefit of maize.Conventional P and K fertilizer(T_(1)),cconventional fertilization reduces N application by 15%(T_(2)),conventional fertilization reduces N application by 5%(T_(3)),conventional fertilization(T_(4)),conventional fertilization increases N application by 5%(T_(5))and conventional fertilization increases N application by 15%(T_(6))treatments were set.The results showed that under the experiment conditions,ear length,ear diameter and plant height of maize gradually increased with the increase of nitrogen rates,however,the length of bare tip tends to decrease.T_(5)performed best.And the yields showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of nitrogen rates.And the yields of T_(5)and T_(6)treatments were 9201.0 and 9166.5 kg/hm^(2),respectively,which were significantly higher than that of the corresponding nutrient deficiency fertilizer treatments T_(1),T_(2)and T_(3).Compared with T_(1),the economic benefit of different nitrogen application rates increased in different degrees,and T_(5)reached the highest at 23922.6 yuan/hm^(2).Comprehensive consideration of yield and economic benefit,T_(5)was the optimal combination.