不同有机肥对土壤盐分的影响及崇明柑橘适用有机肥的筛选

Effects of Different Organic Fertilizers on Soil Salinity and Screening of Organic Fertilizers Suitable for Chongming Citrus

[目的]通过对不同有机肥进行室内培养,分析有机肥种类和用量对上海崇明柑橘园土壤pH、电导率以及土壤八大盐基离子的影响,为设施柑橘科学选择有机肥提供理论依据。[方法]采用室内25℃恒温培养90 d,研究蚯蚓粪、鸡粪与牛粪3种有机肥以及不同施用水平下设施柑橘土壤不同培养周期中各盐基离子、pH及电导率等10项指标的变化规律。[结果]3种有机肥的施用对土壤pH影响不大;蚯蚓粪和牛粪对土壤电导率影响不显著,但在20 g/kg施用水平下,鸡粪处理电导率相比于CK提高了28%;各种有机肥对八大盐基离子的影响有较大差异,蚯蚓粪在高施肥量时会导致Mg^(2+)含量显著提高3.4%(与CK对比),而未对Na^(+)、Ca^(2+)、SO_(4)^(2-)含量产生影响;鸡粪的高量施用会导致土壤Na^(+)、K^(+)含量增幅分别达47.4%、188.2%,牛粪高量施用可显著提高土壤Ca^(2+)含量(比CK提高6.8%)。[结论]崇明土壤盐分背景值较高,而设施柑橘对盐分相对敏感,蚯蚓粪可以避免盐分累积,而控制用量时也可考虑牛粪源有机肥,但鸡粪源有机肥即使在低用量时也会导致土壤盐分超标。

[Objective]To analyze soil pH,conductivity and soil ion changes during the effective period of organic fertilizer by conducting indoor culture experiments on different organic fertilizer applications,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the scientific selection of organic fertilizer in the facility.[Method]Using indoor constant temperature cultivation at 25℃for 90 days,the changes in 10 indicators of salt base ions,pH,and electrical conductivity in citrus soil under different application levels of three organic fertilizers,earthworm manure,chicken manure,and cow manure were studied.[Result]The application of three organic fertilizers had little effect on soil pH change.At the application level of 20 g/kg,the conductivity of chicken manure treatment increased by 28%compared with blank treatment,and the conductivity of vermicompost treatment increased by only 0.8%compared with blank treatment.The high fertilization rate of vermicompost only led to the final content of Mg^(2+)higher than the blank by 3.4%,but did not affect the Na^(+),Ca^(2+)and SO_(4)^(2-)content,the high fertilization rate of chicken manure led to the increase of soil Na^(+)and K^(+)content by 47.4%and 188.2%,and the Ca^(2+)content increased by 6.8%compared with the blank treatment under the high fertilizer application level of cow manure.[Conclusion]The use of vermicompost for citrus organic fertilizer in facilities can better slow down salt accumulation.