非法行医罪之司法认定中的若干问题探析——以周某非法行医案为例

Analysis on Problems in Judicial Determination of Illegal Medical Practice Crime——Taking the Case of Zhou's Illegal Medical Practice as an Example

我国《刑法》规定了非法行医罪所具有的三种核心构成要素:未取得医生执业资格的人非法行医,其情节严重的、严重损害就诊人身体健康或造成就诊人死亡。司法实践中对“未取得医生执业资格”“行医”和“造成就诊人死亡”的认定存在较大的分歧:“未取得医生执业资格”不能解释为“已经获得执业医师资格而未获得医师执业资格”,而应当解释为“未取得医师执业证书”;“行医”应当局限于将实施医疗行为作为业务的营利行为,而对不具有营利的目的,只偶尔针对特定个人实施的医疗行为,不能认定为本罪的“行医”;“造成就诊人死亡”的结果加重情节,应当限制在就诊人死亡结果的发生与非法行医行为之间存在刑法上的因果关系范围内。

In China,The Criminal Law stipulates three core elements of the crime of illegal practice of medicine:the illegal prac⁃tice of medicine by a person who has not obtained the medical qualification,the circumstances are serious and the health of the patient is seriously damaged,and the death of the patient is caused.In judicial practice,there are great differences on the identification of"not obtaining the medical qualification","practicing medicine"and"causing the death of the patient"."Not obtained the doctor's license"can not be interpreted as"has obtained the qualification of medical practitioner but not obtained doctor's practicing license",but should be interpreted as"not having obtained the certificate of medical practitioners"."Practicing medicine"shall be limited to the practice of medical behavior as a business profit-making behavior,and the practice of medical behavior that does not have the purpose of profit and only occasionally targets specific individuals cannot be identified as the crime of"practicing medicine";the aggravating circumstances of the result of"causing the death of the patient"should be limited to the scope of the causal relationship between the occurrence of the death result of the patient and the illegal practice of medicine in criminal law.