新时代职业教育产教融合政策供给特征与改革路向

Supply Characteristics and Reform Direction of the Industry-Education Integration Policy in Vocational Education in the New Era

党的十八大以来的十年是职业教育产教融合政策密集出台、制度逐渐完善、效应持续显现的重要时期。以“政策主体—政策举措”二维结构模型为分析框架,对120份国家层面出台的产教融合政策文本进行量化分析后发现:中共中央、国务院、全国人大健全职业教育产教融合顶层设计,发挥“把舵定向”作用;教育部、财政部、人社部、国家发改委等国家部委协同推进职业教育产教融合政策落实落细,发挥“强劲动力”作用。多元化的政策主体凝聚产教融合政策供给合力,从宏观、中观、微观层面出台多层次的政策举措,统筹产教发展规划和资源布局,创新平台载体建设,深化产教协同育人,提升产教融合政策实施效能。为持续推动职业教育产教融合政策优化,需要着眼于政策的体系化、法治化、执行力、低成本,以产教融合政策的改革创新与贯彻落实提升职业教育产教融合实践能力和发展水平。

The decade since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is an important period for the intensive introduction of the industry-education integration policy in vocational education,the gradual improvement of the system and the continuous appearance of the effect.Taking the two-dimensional structure model of“policy subjects-policy measures”as the analysis framework,based on the quantitative analysis of 120 national policy texts on the industry-education integration,it is found that the Party Central Committee,the State Council and the National People’s Congress have improved the top-level design of the industry-education integration in vocational education and played a role of“steering”;national ministries and commissions such as the Ministry of Education,the Ministry of Finance,the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security,and the National Development and Reform Commission have jointly promoted the implementation of the industry-education integration policy,and played a“strong driving force”role.Diversified policy bodies have consolidated the supply of the industry-education integration policy,introduced multi-level policy measures from the macro,meso and micro levels,coordinated the development planning and resource layout of industry and education,innovated the construction of platforms and carriers,deepened the collaboration between industry and education to educate people,and improved the implementation efficiency of the industry-education integration policy.In order to continuously promote the optimization of the industry-education integration policy in vocational education,it is necessary to focus on the systematization,legalization,execution,and low cost of the policy,and improve the practical ability and development level of the industry-education integration in vocational education through the reform,innovation and implementation of the integration policy.