不同施肥处理对腾冲红花油茶营养生长的影响

Effects of different fertilization treatments on vegetative growth of Camellia reticulata trees

以5年生腾冲红花油茶幼树为对象,探讨不同施肥处理对腾冲红花油茶营养生长的影响。设计不同元素、配比和施肥量19个处理,测定树高、冠幅、地径、叶片大小,以及春梢数量、长度、粗度和节间长度,变黄叶片、秋梢,以及感病叶片和枝条数量,计算年生长量和病害发生率,并进行综合量化评分。结果表明,单施尿素每平方冠幅50 g能有效促进生长,100 g和150 g出现不良反应;在缺氮情况下,施入磷肥和钾肥并不能促进腾冲红花油茶生长;施入氮磷钾含量分别为15%的复合肥,腾冲红花油茶早期生长正常,但入秋后逐渐出现叶片黄化现象;每平方米冠幅施入氮磷钾比例为9∶1∶4的混合肥50 g对腾冲红花油茶生长促进作用最佳,施入量增加到150g则出现氮中毒反应;增施镁元素对腾冲红花油茶生长促进作用不明显。综上,以3月和7月各施入一次N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶KO=9∶1∶4混合肥50 g·m^(-2)冠幅最佳,施入氮磷钾各15%的三元复合肥50 g·m^(-2)冠幅次之。

Taking 5-year-old Camellia reticulata seedlings as objects,effects of different fertilization treatments on their vegetative growth were discussed.A total of 19 treatments with different mineral elements,elements ratio and fertilization amount were designed,and the vegetative indexes including the height,crown area,ground diameter,leaves size of trees,the amount,length,diameter,internode length of spring shoot,and the amount of yellow leaves,autumn shoot,diseased leaves and shoots were measured.The growth rate and disease incidence were calculated,and the effects of different treatments were comprehensively and quantitatively scored.The result showed that single application of 50 g nitrogen fertilizer per square meter crown area could promoted the tree growth effectively,while adverse effects were appeared under the treatment of 100 g and 150 g nitrogen application per square meter crown area.Under the condition of nitrogen deficiency,the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers could not promote tree growth.With the application of compound fertilizer containing 15%nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium respectively,Camellia reticulata grew normally in the early stage,but leaves became yellow gradually after autumn.The application of 50 g compound fertilizer with the ratio of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium of 9∶1∶4 per square meter crown area had the best promotion effect on the growth of Camellia reticulata,and the nitrogen poisoning reaction occurs when the application amount increased to 150 g.In addition,there was no dramatically effect with magnesium application treatment.In conclusion,in March and July,50 g·m^(-2) compound fertilizer with nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium ratio of 9∶1∶4 was the best,followed by the application of compound fertilizer with each 15%content of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium respectively.