网络平台犯罪的刑事合规实现

Attaining Criminal Compliance for Cyber Platform Offences

我国刑事合规在经历了一定的理论和实践上的发展后,越来越有展现向实体法充分拓展的需要。所谓将刑事合规拓展至实体法领域,实务中拓展至审判领域,具体来讲就是,要将刑事合规作为一种量刑情节或刑罚激励的措施加以施行。作为量刑的刑事合规并非凭空而来,而是立足于刑事合规理论和实践的反思,最高检发布的涉案企业合规典型案例中已具有将刑事合规作为审判中从宽情节的雏形,从这个角度看刑事实体法对于刑事合规具有容纳空间。不仅如此,关于企业责任和网络平台的管理义务方面,刑法中也有教义学基础。但是,刑法凭何将一行为作为一种量刑情节予以考虑呢?其中便涉及到刑事合规作为量刑之正当性的问题。以往对于量刑正当性的研究存在一定局限,其正当性需要深入考察。刑事合规作为从宽情节的正当性在于,合规整改是控辩双方在自愿基础上达成的一种合意或对价,在此基础上才会有有效整改后的刑罚减轻。在网络平台(以在线职业教育机构为例)刑事合规的场合下,预防犯罪应当旨在织密法网,将更多的风险行为纳入刑法规制,拒不履行信息网络安全管理义务罪的修订便是风险刑法的理念映射,可通过刑事合规等措施扩大出罪以减少过度犯罪化带来的社会问题。

After a period of theoretical and practical development,there is a growing need to expand criminal compliance into substantive law.The expansion of criminal compliance into substantive law and into trial in practice means that criminal compliance should be implemented as a sentencing circumstance or penalty incentive measure.Criminal compliance as sentencing does not come out of thin air,it is based on reflection on criminal compliance theory and practice.In the typical corporate compliance cases released by the Supreme People’s Procuratorate of PRC,criminal compliance has been used as a prototype of lenient circumstances in trials.From this perspective,substantive criminal law has room for criminal compliance.Moreover,regarding corporate responsibility and the management obligations of cyber platforms,there is also a doctrinal basis in criminal law.But what makes criminal law consider an act as a sentencing circumstance?This involves the question of criminal compliance as a justification for sentencing.Previous research on the justification of sentencing has some limitations,and its justification needs to be examined in depth.The legitimacy of criminal compliance as a mitigating circumstance lies in the fact that compliance rectification is a kind of agreement or quid pro quo reached on a voluntary basis by both the prosecution and the defence,and only on this basis will there be reduction of the penalty after effective rectification.In the context of criminal compliance of cyber platforms(in the case of online vocational education institutions),crime prevention should aim to weave a tight legal net with criminal law to regulate more risky behaviors.The revision of the Crime of Refusing to Fulfil the Obligation of Information Network Security Management is a conceptual mapping of risk criminal law.On the other hand,measures such as criminal compliance should be expanded to reduce the social problems caused by over criminalization.