酸性土壤中重金属钝化技术研究进展

Research progress on passivation technology for heavy metal in acidic soil

阐述了土壤中重金属的赋存形态以及土壤pH对重金属赋存形态的影响,综述了无机钝化剂、有机钝化剂、无机-有机复合钝化剂、新型钝化剂以及钝化剂-微生物联合修复酸性土壤中重金属污染的研究进展,指出钝化修复技术面临的问题和挑战,提出酸性土壤中重金属钝化的优化方案:利用各类型钝化剂的优点进行复配或改性、优化制备过程、研究新型钝化剂在长期田间环境下的稳定性、监测材料对环境及生物的影响;根据不同污染类型、污染程度选择合适的治理方案;建立更完善的土壤污染防治体系,加强土壤污染监测和评价;优化耕地的水管理、施肥管理和轮作管理。

The speciation of heavy metals in soil and the effects of soil pH on the forms in which heavy metals occur are elaborated.The research progresses of inorganic passivator,organic passivator,inorganic-organic composite passivator,novel passivator,and passivator combined with microorganism for remediation of heavy metal contaminated acid soil are summarized.The problems and challenges of passivation remediation technologies are pointed out,and the optimization methods for heavy metal passivation in acidic soil are proposed:Compounding or modification to take advantage of various types of passivator,optimizing the preparation process,investigating the stability of novel passivator in long-term field condition,and monitoring the environmental and biological impact of materials;Selecting appropriate treatment scheme based on different types and levels of pollution;Establishing a more comprehensive soil pollution prevention and control system,as well as strengthening soil pollution monitoring and evaluation;Furthermore,optimizing water management,fertilization management,and rotation management of arable fields.