投石问路 唯石能言——读《石峁遗址志》谈石峁城功用属性

Throw a Stone to Inquire the Way only Stones can Speak—Discussing the Functional Attributes of the Shimao City in Reading'Records of the Shimao Site'

文明起源是国际性重大研究课题。陕西石峁遗址的发现是“中华文明探源工程”重要成果之一,它改变了学术界对新石器时代中国史前文化格局的认识,对于探索早期国家的形成及理解中华文明的丰富内涵具有重要启示意义。陕西方志界与考古界联合编纂的《石峁遗址志》,全面系统地再现了考古发掘过程,以丰富的史料揭开石峁遗址神秘的面纱。本文通过研读志书中石峁史料,对遗址面积规模、石城构筑时代和考古学界存在着的黄帝居邑等十几种功用属性之谜的争论提出作者的观点,认为万余件陶器、玉器等珍贵文物是文明交往的外来物,遗址上石刻石雕是石城的原生物,具有奠基石的性质,最终,颠覆人们认知的唯石能言石城谜。

The origin of civilization is a major international research topic.The discovery of the Shimao Site in Shaanxi Province is one of the important achievements of the"Exploration of the Source of Chinese Civilization Project".It has changed the academic circle's understanding of the prehistoric culture pattern of China in the Neolithic Age,and has important enlightenment significance for exploring the formation of early countries and understanding the rich connotation of Chinese civilization.The Annals of the Shimao Site,jointly compiled by the local records and archaeological circles of Shaanxi Province,comprehensively and systematically reproduces the archaeological excavation process and uncovers the mystery of the site with rich historical materials.By studying the stone mound historical materials in the annals,this paper puts forward the author's point of view on the debate about the size of the site,the time when the stone mound was built and the mystery about the existence of more than ten kinds of functional attributes such as Huangdi hometown in the archaeological circle.It holds that more than ten thousand pieces of pottery,jade and other precious cultural relics are foreign objects for civilization exchanges,and the stone carvings on the site are the original creatures of the stone mound,which has the nature of laying the cornerstone.In the end,this challenges the conventional understanding that only stones can"speak,"unraveling the mystery of the speaking stone city.