社区老年人社会隔离的潜在剖面分析及影响因素研究

Latent profile analysis and its influencing factors of social isolation among community older adults

目的分析社区老年人社会隔离特征及影响因素,为制定干预措施以促进积极老龄化提供参考。方法采取便利抽样法,随机选取渭南市3所社区卫生服务中心接受健康体检的老年人308人为调查对象。采用一般资料调查表、Lubben社交网络量表-6、老年人社会参与能力评估标准、日常生活活动能力量表进行调查。结果社区老年人社会隔离得分为(11.26±4.74)分,老年人中51.62%存在社会隔离。社区老年人社会隔离可划分为高朋友隔离组(52.92%)和低朋友隔离组(47.08%)2个潜在剖面。logistic回归分析显示,日常生活自理能力、社会参与能力、退休前职业、患病年限、年均住院次数是老年人社会隔离潜在剖面类别的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论社区老年人社会隔离现象严重,且存在明显的分类特征,可针对不同类型特征老年人实施个体化干预,改善老年人社会隔离情况。

Objective To analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of social isolation among community older adults,so as to provide a reference for developing corresponding strategies to promote active aging.Methods Using convenience sampling method to select 3 Weinan City community health service centers,in which 308 elderly people who underwent compulsory health examinations were randomly selected,then they were investigated by using a general information questionnaire,the Lubben Social Network Scale(LSNS-6),the Elderly Social Participation Assessment Standards,and the Activities of Daily Living Scale.Results The participants′score of LSNS-6 was(11.26±4.74),and 51.62%of them suffered from social isolation.The social isolation in the community older adults could be divided into two potential profiles:the high friend isolation group(52.92%)and the low friend isolation group(47.08%).Logistic regression analysis showed that,self-care ability in daily life,social participation ability,occupation before retirement,duration of illness,and average annual hospitalization frequency were the influencing factors for the potential profile categories of social isolation in the elderly(all P<0.05).Conclusion The social isolation among community older adults is severe,and there are obvious classification characteristics.Individualized interventions can be implemented for elderly people with different types of characteristics,so as to improve their social isolation situation.