老年早期肺癌患者术前预康复感知的质性研究

Perception of prehabilitation in elderly patients with early lung cancer:a qualitative study

目的了解老年早期肺癌患者对术前预康复的感知,为制定术前预康复方案提供依据。方法采用描述性质性研究方法,以目的抽样法选取术前接受过预康复健康教育的老年早期肺癌患者15例进行半结构式深入访谈,并以内容分析法归纳和提炼主题。结果提炼出4个主题:术前预康复的意向(态度积极、愿意尝试接受、缺乏行为动机)、术前预康复的益处(利于适应手术、改善术后结局)、术前预康复障碍(环境设施障碍、安全问题、准备时间不足)、术前预康复需求(信息咨询需求、完善方案需求、联系支持需求)。结论老年早期肺癌患者对术前预康复有积极接受的倾向,术前预康复有助于加速术后康复。医护人员应开展个性化教育促进患者实施术前预康复、构建适老化术前预康复方案、完善联系支持体系,以提高术前预康复的适宜性。

Objective To understand the perception of prehabilitation in elderly patients with early lung cancer,so as to provide a reference for developing prehabilitation programs for this population.Methods The descriptive qualitative study method was utilized,and 15 elderly patients with early lung cancer who had received prehabilitation education before surgery were purposively selected to conduct semi-structured in-depth interviews,then the interview data were summarized and themes were refined by using content analysis.Results A total of four themes were refined:the intention of prehabilitation(positive attitude,willing to try and accept,and lack of behavioral motivation),the advantages of prehabilitation(conducive to adapting to surgery,and improving postoperative outcomes),the obstacles of prehabilitation(environmental facilities barriers,safety problem,and insufficient preparation time),and the needs of prehabilitation(information consultation needs,improvement program needs,and contact support needs).Conclusion The elderly patients with early lung cancer are prone to accept prehabilitation,which is conducive to accelerating recovery after surgery.Medical staff should conduct personalized education to promote implementation of patient prehabilitation,develop elderly-oriented prehabilitation program,and improve the contact support system,so as to further increase the suitability of prehabilitation.