虎耳草属的资源分类及育种进展

Advances on taxonomy and breeding ofSaxifraga Tourn. ex L.

虎耳草属(Saxifraga Tourn. ex L.)资源丰富且分布广泛,全球有440~500个种,其分类一直受到植物学家的关注。该属具有重要的观赏和药用价值,欧洲多国非常重视其观赏资源的开发利用。虎耳草属的品种培育距今已有150多年的历史,到2022年国际虎耳草协会(The Saxifrage Society)网站收录了1 692个品种,但只有1个品种来自中国。可见,我国虽然是虎耳草属的多样性中心之一,但对其观赏资源的开发利用远远落后于欧美甚至日本。该文从虎耳草属的种质资源、分类概况、育种进展等方面进行综述,并简要介绍该属资源的利用现状,为今后我国虎耳草属的分类、育种及应用提供借鉴。结果表明:(1)虎耳草种质资源丰富,但属下系统演化关系仍存在诸多问题,有待整合形态和系统发育学手段开展系统而深入的研究。(2)该属品种主要通过杂交育种和变异筛选的方式育成,英国、捷克共和国、德国、荷兰为培育品种最多的国家。(3)我国对该属的品种选育工作起步晚,育成品种少且育种方式单一。

Saxifraga Tourn.ex L.is rich in species diversity with about 440-500 species and broad distribution.The taxonomical issues of this genus have been continuously concerned by the botanists.Saxifraga has important ornamental and medicinal values.Some of European countries have made great efforts on the exploitation and utilization of its ornamental resources.China is one of the diversity centers of Saxifraga,but it has been lagged far behind Europe,USA and even Japan in exploitation and utilization on ornamental value of this genus.The world breeding work in Saxifraga started 150 years ago.By the end of 2022,the 1692 names of cultivars had been on-line listed by The Saxifrage Society,but only one came from China.In this paper,the germplasm resources of Saxifraga,and progress on its classification and breeding are reviewed,and also the utilization of its ornamental resources is briefly introduced,which will provide an important reference for taxonomical research,breeding and application of this genus in China.The results are as follows:(1)Saxifraga is rich in germplasms,but many scientific issues remain in the evolutionary relationships of its subordinate systems,which require a systematic and in-depth investigation by integrating morphological and molecular biology methods.(2)The cultivars of this genus are mainly raised through cross-breeding and mutant selection,and the majority of cultivars are from the UK,Czech Republic,Germany,and the Netherlands.(3)The breeding of Saxifraga started very late in China,with only few cultivars from one breeding method.