微波加热强化闪蒸工艺的科学基础及发展趋势

Scientific basis and development trend of microwave heating enhanced flash evaporation process

利用微波加热具有选择性、快速性、整体性等优点,对基于能量源补充热量实现蒸发浓缩、分离纯化的料液处理过程而言,利用微波加热实现过程强化具有现实意义。本文综述了液体闪蒸过程的蒸发特性与传热传质特性、微波加热液体蒸发的研究现状,提出了微波加热强化闪蒸工艺,首先指出闪蒸工艺过程中料液面临难以直接加热提供热量而提高蒸发速率的难题,原因是传统热量传递方法无法在真空条件下向闪蒸过程中的料液传递热量。进而分析了微波加热蒸发工艺的研究现状,总结出微波加热蒸发过程中的影响因素,简述了微波加热蒸发工艺的应用。最后,提出可将微波加热与闪蒸工艺相耦合的微波加热强化闪蒸工艺,简述了设备设计、应用开发方面的相关进展。总结了微波加热强化闪蒸面临的相关难题并提出建议,期望对微波加热强化蒸发工艺应用和设备设计的发展提供参考。

Microwave heating owns the advantages of selectivity,integrity and rapidity.It is of practical significance to strengthen the process of feed liquid treatment process based on energy source to supplement heat to realize evaporation concentration,separation and purification.In this paper,the evaporation characteristics,heat and mass transfer characteristics of liquid flash evaporation process and the research status of microwave heating liquid evaporation are reviewed.The microwave heating enhanced flash evaporation process is proposed.Firstly,it is pointed out that it is difficult to directly heat the feed liquid to provide heat and improve the evaporation rate in the flash evaporation process.The reason is that the traditional heat transfer method cannot transfer heat to the feed liquid in the flash evaporation process under vacuum conditions.Then the research status of microwave heating evaporation process is analyzed,the influencing factors in the process of microwave heating evaporation are summarized,and the application of microwave heating evaporation process is briefly described.Finally,a microwave heating enhanced flash evaporation process that can couple microwave heating with flash evaporation process is proposed,and the related progress in equipment design and application development is briefly described.The related problems faced by microwave heating enhanced flash evaporation are summarized and suggestions are put forward.It is expected to provide reference for the development direction of microwave heating enhanced evaporation process application and equipment design.