离子液体强化不饱和键差异化合物分离的研究进展

Progress in enhanced separation of compounds differing in unsaturated bonds by ionic liquids

结构相似物的分离是物耗和能耗最集中的化工过程之一。对于具有不饱和键差异的化合物而言,它们的物化性质极为相近,高效分离极具挑战。离子液体因其特殊的理化性质、结构可设计以及多重分子间相互作用位点等特点而广泛应用于不饱和键差异化合物的分子辨识分离。本文综述了离子液体强化不饱和键差异化合物分离的研究进展,重点介绍了常温常压下为气态的低碳烃、液态的中等碳链烃及固态的天然活性同系物等代表性体系的分离,突出了离子液体分离不饱和键差异化合物的构效关系、分离机理及分离工艺流程评价,并展望了离子液体强化不饱和键差异化合物分离的未来方向。

The separation of structurally similar compounds represents one of the most energy-intensive processes,particularly for compounds that differ in unsaturated bonds.This challenge arises from their extremely similar physicochemical properties.Ionic liquids(ILs)have emerged as promising candidates for the separation of compounds with different unsaturated bonds through molecular recognition,which is mainly attributed to the unique physicochemical properties of ILs,their designable structures,and their ability to facilitate multiple intermolecular interactions.This work aims to provide a comprehensive review of the progress of utilizing ILs for the separation of compounds with disparities in unsaturated bonds.It presents a detailed analysis of some representative systems,including gaseous light hydrocarbons,liquid-state medium-chain hydrocarbons,and solid-state natural active compounds.This review highlights the relationship between the molecular structure and separation efficiency,elucidates the underlying separation mechanisms,and evaluates the effectiveness of the separation process.Furthermore,it briefly discusses the future trend in the design and optimization of ILs for this specific area.