低中放射性废水处理吸附技术及材料

Adsorption technology and materials for the treatment of low and intermediate level radioactive wastewater

吸附技术是处理核工业产生的低中放射性废水高效、便捷的处理工艺之一。多数纳米吸附材料性能高效,但为适于工程应用需制备为复合吸附剂。本文分析了低中放射性废液的特点及吸附处理技术现状,对适于核工业应用的复合微珠吸附剂的研究进展重点总结,包括外原位固定微珠、聚合物微珠及磁性微珠。从芯材性质、载体特点、制备方法及吸附性能等方面分析了复合吸附剂的优缺点及应用性能提升方法。最后,结合核工业对低中放射性废液的处理需求指出缺乏工程试验及带放射性试验研究为低中放射性废液吸附技术及材料研究的关键问题,提出开发多核素吸附剂、加强低浓度核素吸附的数值模拟及加强复合吸附剂的工程应用考察等方面是未来的重点研究方向。

Adsorption is considered to be an effective and simple method for radioactive nuclides removal from low and intermediate level radioactive wastewater(LILW)in the nuclear industry.Many nanomaterials with excellent performance are always prepared as composites for engineering application.The properties of LILW and latest advances in adsorption progress are analyzed in this paper.The research developments on novel hybrid microbeads suitable for nuclear power applications,such as exositu fixation microbeads,polymer microbeads and magnetic microbeads,are especially focused on.The pros and cons of these materials and performance improvement methods are analyzed in terms of raw materials,base materials,preparation methods,and adsorptive properties.Furthermore,according to the nuclear industrial requirements for the LILW treatment,it is pointed that lack of tests with radioactive and engineering tests are the key problems of current studies.Future research directions are proposed aiming at the hope of developing adsorbents removing multiple nuclides,strengthening of numerical simulation and forcusing on more continuous operation inspection.