工农联盟的巩固与国家权力展演:《新湖南报》与“向占梅讨论”

Consolidation of the Worker-Peasant Alliance and Performance of State Power:The New Hunan Daily and Discussion on Xiang Zhanmei

国家建构的政治-文化面向并未在新中国政治史中充分讨论,特别是作为“全国性政治共同体”的工农联盟如何在话语层面建构和巩固。本文以1953—54年过渡时期总路线启动后统购统销政策推进的历史时刻为楔子,来拆解《新湖南报》如何通过“向占梅”讨论,运用特定策略,并在和公众的持续互动中生产了三个阶段的主要话语。这一讨论在某种程度上重塑了农民的理念,使得他们接纳了工农联盟的基本愿景,并卖粮给国家,因而代表了国家的展演性权力。这一话语过程也部分关照了农民的利益,且没有使用过多强制力,在建国初期行政力和资源尚不完善的情境下是一重大发展,也是20世纪全球政治建立工农联盟浪潮的一块重要拼图。

The topic of state building from the political-cultural perspective has not been discussed comprehen⁃sively in the history of New China before.Especially,how to construct and consolidate the Worker-Peas⁃ant alliance as a“National Political Community”at the discourse level.Based on the key moment of pro⁃motion of policies of Unified Purchase and Sale initiated after the General Line in the Transition Period proposed in 1953-1954,the study analyzes how didthe New Hunan Daily,utilized specific strategies through the discussion about“Xiang Zhanmei,”and produced three main stages of discourse through con⁃tinuous interaction with the public.The discussion reshaped the peasants’ideas and made them accept the basic vision of worker-peasant alliance and sold their grain to the state.Therefore,it represents the performative power of the state.This process of discourse construction partly protected the interests of the peasants,and there was not too much coercive force.It was a significant development in the early years of state building when the administrative power and resources were still imperfect.And it was an important manifestation of global political phenomenon of building the worker-peasant alliance.