刑法归属理论的内部集成与建构方向

Internal Integration and Construction Direction of Criminal Law Attribution Theory

构成要件结果能否归属于行为人,是刑法学历久弥新的话题。为了避免概念间的混淆,应采纳归属概念来概括这一话题。在归属理论的视角下,既往学说的发展状况表明各学说间不存在绝对的优劣之分,其均具有明确、精准的定位与具体的内涵之目标,因而处于互相借鉴、互相影响的状态。归属理论的建构应当分别从外部与内部展开。归属理论的外部建构应当重视在整体犯罪论和刑罚论层面的体系化意义,尤其应当从刑罚的正当性根基出发,使其整体上能够与刑法学其他领域的理论有效契合。归属理论的内部建构应当坚持保障下位要素在本体与规范上的双重属性,以规范的危险概念作为归属对象从自然状态走入法律评价的“领路人”,确保目的理性在归属理论中的持续贯彻。

Whether the results of constitutive elements can be attributed to perpetrators is a eternal topic of criminal jurisprudence.In order to avoid confusion between concepts,the concept of attribution should be a-dopted to summarize this topic.From the perspective of attribution theory,the development of previous theories shows that there is no absolute superiority or disadvantage among the theories,and they all have clear and pre-cise positioning and specific connotation goals,so they are in a state of mutual learning and mutual influence.The construction of attribution theory should be carried out from the outside and the inside respectively.The external construction of the attribution theory should attach importance to the systematization of the whole crime theory and the penalty theory,especially from the basis of the legitimacy of the penalty,so that it can effec-tively fit the theory of other fields of criminal law as a whole.The internal construction of the attribution theory should adhere to the dual attributes of the lower elements in ontology and norms,and take the normative dan-ger concept as the“guide”of the attribution object from the natural state to the legal evaluation,so as to ensure the continuous implementation of the purpose rationality in the attribution theory.