网络暴力致人自杀刑法规制的理性探讨与路径修正——基于对网络暴力生成与发展机制的思考

Rational Discussion and Approch Revision of Criminal Law Regulation on Suicide Caused by Cyber Violence-Based on Reflection on Generation and Development Mechanism of Cyber Violence

网络暴力在生成与发展过程中会导致受害人自杀的危害后果。事实层面,网络暴力致人自杀在时间和空间两个维度具有严重社会危害性;价值层面,网络暴力致人自杀具备客观归责的正当依据,理应纳入刑法规制范围。现行刑法对网络暴力致人自杀的刑法规制存在片面性和滞后性,难以有效发挥刑法在规制网络暴力致人自杀中的规范价值。基于网络暴力形成过程中责任主体的功能性差异,对网络暴力致人自杀的刑法规制研究应当从网络暴力行为主体和平台责任两个方面进行路径完善。合理限缩表层网络暴力行为主体的刑法规制范围,将其限定为网络暴力信息生成阶段中的初始发布者、后续加工发布者和网络暴力信息发展阶段中对信息传播具有一定影响力的推波助澜者。应对网络平台刑事责任认定条件进行合理修正,废除行政前置入罪程序,明确网络平台在网络暴力活动中的事前审核和事中监管义务。

In the process of formation and development,cyber violence can lead to harmful conse-quences—victims’suicide.In fact,suicide caused by cyber violence has serious social harm in two dimen-sions of time and space.In terms of value,suicide caused by cyber violence has legitimate basis for objective responsibility,and should be included in the scope of criminal law regulation.In accordance with the current criminal law,regulation on cyber violence causing suicide is one-sided and lagging.It is difficult to effectively exert normative value of criminal law in regulating cyber violence causing suicide.Based on functional differ-ences of responsible subjects in the formation process of cyber violence,researches on the criminal law regula-tion of cyber violence causing suicide should be improved from two aspects of cyber violence subjects and plat-form responsibilities.The scope of criminal law regulation on subjects of surface cyber violence is reasonably limited to initial publishers,subsequent processing publishers in the formation stage of cyber violence informa-tion,as well as promoters who have a certain influence on information dissemination in the development stage of cyber violence information.We should make reasonable amendments to the conditions for determining crimi-nal responsibility of online platforms,abolish the criminal procedures placed before administration,and clarify pre-audit and in-process supervision obligations of online platforms in cyber violence activities.