高原运动效能降低及防治措施

Exercise performance reduction and preventive measures in highland sports

高原是一个低压、低氧、低温、高紫外线的特殊环境,人们在高原的运动效能普遍下降,严重影响驻守高原和进入高原人群的生活及身体健康。近年来,高原性缺氧所致损伤与防治引起了广泛关注。研究发现,急进海拔高度越高、运动持续时间越久、进驻越迅速,人的运动效能受到的影响越大。急进高原与长期驻扎高原对人的爆发力、耐力、精细化操作都存在影响。医疗技术的进步使众多预防方法已被用作习服高原环境。然而,体外干预方法成本高、易反弹且效果有限,因此,药物防治显然是更加经济的选择。化学药物通过改善心脏和大脑的缺血缺氧状态,增加肺通气量和动脉血氧合能力以及加速消除运动后不良产物堆积等机制改善高原运动效能;单味中药、中成药和复方制剂等通过促进身体新陈代谢、提高肌肉耐力、增强免疫力等机制提高运动效能。中药在改善高原运动效能损伤方面具有独特的优势和应用前景。

The plateau is a special environment with low pressure,low oxygen,low temperature,and high ultraviolet radiation.The exercise performance of people on the plateau is generally reduced,which seriously affects the life and health of people living in the plateau and entering the plateau.In recent years,the prevention and treatment of injury caused by high altitude hypoxia has attracted wide attention.It has shown that the higher the altitude with the longer the duration of exercise,the faster the stationing,the greater the impact on people’s sports performance.Rapid entry into the plateau and long-term stay in the plateau have an impact on people’s explosive power,endurance and fine operation.Advances in medical technology enable various prevention methods to be used to acclimate to high altitude environments.However,in vitro intervention methods are costly,easy to rebound and possess limited effects.Therefore,drug prevention and treatment is obviously a more economical choice.Chemical drugs increase the efficiency of high altitude exercise by improving the ischemic and hypoxic symptoms of the heart and brain,increasing lung ventilation and arterial oxygenation capacity,and accelerating the elimination of adverse product accumulation after exercise.Single Chinese medicine,Chinese patent medicine,and compound preparations can improve exercise performance by promoting body metabolism,improving muscle endurance,enhancing immunity,and other mechanisms.Traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantage and application prospect in improving plateau sports performance damage.