雪茄茄衣CX-26品种干物质积累和氮磷钾养分吸收规律研究

Study on the principle of dry matter accumulation and nitrogen,phosphorous,potassium nutrient absorption of cigar wrapper CX-26

采用田间试验研究雪茄茄衣CX-26品种不同生育时期干物质积累和氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)养分吸收,运用Logistic模型分析烟株干物质积累和N、P、K养分吸收特征,以期为雪茄茄衣的科学施肥提供理论依据。结果表明,烟株干物质积累量在整个生育期表现为“S”形曲线增长。移栽后45~60 d是雪茄烟株地上部干物质快速积累时期,期间最大积累速率可达177.90 kg/(hm^(2)·d),积累量占收获期干物质积累总量的57.78%。茎秆、叶片的干物质积累量随生育期的延伸持续增加,快速增长时期在移栽后40~65 d,期间叶片是干物质的分配中心。养分吸收结果显示,N、P、K养分积累在整个生育期均呈现“慢-快-慢”的增长趋势;N、P、K养分的快速积累时期分别是在移栽后43~55、43~57、42~56 d,最大积累速率分别可达4.96、0.37、6.44 kg/(hm^(2)·d);随着生育期的进行,N、P、K养分在叶片中的分配比例呈现“下降-上升-下降”的趋势,而茎秆与之相反;其中,叶片是N、P、K养分分配中心,收获时叶片中N、P、K养分积累量占烟株地上部总积累量的比例分别为73.08%、62.84%、65.38%。生产100 kg雪茄茄衣CX-26品种的烟叶需要N 3.35 kg、P_(2)O_(5)0.66 kg、K_(2)O 5.80 kg,N、P_(2)O_(5)和K_(2)O吸收比例为1∶0.2∶1.7。

To provide the theoretical basis for the scientific fertilization of cigar wrapper,we investigated the characteristics of dry matter accumulation and nitrogen(N),phosphorous(P),potassium(K)nutrients absorbed in cigar wrapper CX-26 at different growth stages using the data collected in field experiments and the logistic model.The results showed that the accumulation of dry matter in cigar tobacco plants exhibited an“S”curve growth.From 45 to 60 d after transplanting,the above-ground dry matter of cigar tobacco plants accumulated rapidly,with a maximum accumulation rate of 177.90 kg/(hm^(2)·d),which accounted for 57.78%of the total dry matter accumulation at harvest.The dry matter accumulation of stems and leaves were increased continuously during the growth period.The rapid growth stage was from 40 to 65 d after transplanting,during which the leaves were the main target of dry matter distribution.Nutrient absorption results demonstrated that N,P and K nutrient accumulation showed a“slow-fast-slow”growth trend throughout the reproductive period;the stages of rapid accumulation of N,P and K nutrients were 43-55,43-57 and 42-56 d after transplanting,with the maximum accumulation rates up to 4.96,0.37 and 6.44 kg/(hm^(2)·d),respectively.The N,P and K nutrient distribution ratio in the leaves showed a“decrease-increase-decrease”trend as plants grew,but the trend of the distribution ratio for stems was the opposite.The leaves were the distribution center of nutrients.At harvest,the proportion of N,P and K nutrients accumulation in the leaves was 73.08%,62.84%and 65.38%of the total above-ground accumulation of tobacco plants,respectively.In conclusion,we suggested applying 3.35 kg of N,0.66 kg of P_(2)O_(5)and 5.80 kg of K_(2)O to produce 100 kg of cigar wrapper CX-26,resulting in the absorption ratio of N,P_(2)O_(5)and K_(2)O of 1∶0.2∶1.7.