地面风传感器加热装置设计及试验研究

Design and Experimental Study of Heating Device for Ground Wind Sensor

在冬季雨雪、冻雨、雨凇和雾凇等天气现象发生时,自动气象站风传感器转动部件容易发生冻结,造成风向风速观测数据缺测。为解决风传感器冻结的问题,设计一种基于分级加热技术的风传感器加热装置,采用多级加热元件组合控制的方式,实现自适应启动不同级别的加热模式。通过试验对风传感器加热装置性能进行测试,以及对风向风速观测数据进行处理分析,评估风传感器加热装置在气象观测业务中应用的可行性。结果表明,带有加热装置的风传感器起到了很好的防冻结作用,运行更加稳定;带有加热装置的风向风速数据完整性优于未带有加热装置的风传感器,两者风速具有较强的相关性,相关系数均在95%以上;两者风向一致性显著,均在80%以上,10 min风向一致性优于2 min风向一致性。可见,风传感器加热装置可有效减少风传感器冻结发生的次数,及时消除结冰层,降低观测人员设备维护工作量,提高风传感器运行的稳定性和数据的连续性,为风传感器加热装置应用于气象观测业务提供决策支撑。

When the weather phenomena occur in winter,such as rain and snow,freezing rain,glaze and rime,the rotating parts of the wind sensor of the automatic weather station are easy to freeze,resulting in the lack of wind direction and speed observation data.In order to solve the problem of freezing of the wind sensor,a wind sensor heating device based on the hierarchical heating technology was designed,which adopts the combined control of multi-stage heating elements to realize the adaptive starting of different levels of heating modes.By testing the performance of the wind sensor heating device and processing and analyzing the observed data of wind direction and speed,the feasibility of the application of the wind sensor heating device in the meteorological observation business was evaluated.The results show that the wind sensor with heating device plays a good role in anti freezing and operation is more stable.The wind direction and speed data integrity of the wind sensor with heating device was better than that of the wind sensor without heating device.The two wind speeds have strong correlation and correlation coefficients was above 95%.The consistency of wind direction between the two was significant and both of them were above 80%,and the consistency of wind direction in 10 min was better than that in 2 min.It could be seen that the wind sensor heating device can not only effectively reduce the number of freezing occurrences of the wind sensor and timely eliminate the icing layer,but also reduce the workload of the observer's equipment maintenance,improve the stability of the operation of the wind sensor and the continuity of the data,thus providing decision support for the application of the wind sensor heating device to the meteorological observation business.