Cytoplasmic DNA: sources, sensing, and role in aging and disease

Endogenous cytoplasmic DNA(cytoDNA)species are emerging as key mediators of inflammation in diverse physiological and pathological contexts.Although the role of endogenous cytoDNA in innate immune activation is well established,the cytoDNA species themselves are often poorly characterized and difficult to distinguish,and their mechanisms of formation,scope of function and contribution to disease are incompletely understood.