力学生物学研究热点与新兴趋势

Hot Topics and Emerging Trends in Mechanobiology Research

力学生物学主要探讨细胞如何感知不同的机械力学刺激、细胞内力学传导过程以及力学信号如何决定细胞的行为及命运等一系列重要的生理病理过程。从胚胎发生的最初阶段,到发育生物学和再生医学,乃至整个生命过程,力学生物学中力学信号级联反应和细胞力学响应在生物医学研究中具有重要意义。近年来,力学生物学领域的研究蓬勃发展,全球多个科学联合体从不同角度解析力学生物学过程,以期深入了解力学因素影响细胞命运决定的调控机制。本文对力学生物学领域近期研究热点(包括动脉血管、干细胞和离子通道等)进行了概括和评述,对潜在的新兴趋势(如核变形、纤维细胞外基质、肿瘤力学生物学、细胞力转导和压电型机械敏感离子通道等)进行了展望和探讨,同时对该领域中机制研究的局限性和大数据分析挖掘的重要性提出了新的见解,为把握力学生物学领域热点和探索新的研究方向提供客观支撑和系统框架。

Mechanobiology focuses on a series of important physiopathological processes,such as how cells perceive different mechanomechanical stimuli,the process of intracellular mechanotransduction,and how mechanical signals determine the behavior and fate of cells.From the initial stage of embryogenesis,to developmental biology and regenerative medicine,or even through the whole life process,mechanical signaling cascades and cellular mechanical responses in mechanobiology are of great significance in biomedical research.In recent years,research in the field of mechanobiology has undergone remarkable development.Several scientific consortia around the world have been analyzing mechanobiological processes from different perspectives,aiming to gain insights into the regulatory mechanisms by which mechanical factors affect cell fate determination.In this article,we summarized and reviewed the topics that have attracted more research interests in recent years in the field of mechanobiology,for example,arterial blood vessels,stem cell,and ion channel.We also discussed the potential trends that may emerge,such as nuclear deformation,fibrous extracellular matrix,tumor mechanobiology,cellular mechanotransduction,and piezo ion channels.In addition,we put forward new ideas concerning the limitations of mechanism research and the importance of big data analysis and mining in this field,thereby providing objective support and a systematic framework for grasping the hot research topics and exploring new research directions in the field of mechanobiology.