大学生人格和体力活动对骨密度的影响:一项横断面调查

Effect of Personality and Physical Activity on Bone Mineral Density in College Students:A Cross-sectional Survey

目的探讨大学生大五人格、体力活动和骨密度的关联。方法招募某体育高校本科生705名(男329名,女376名)。将其按照运动训练经历分为六大组运动项目,分别为:球类、技巧、重竞技、田径、休闲和无运动项目。接受专业的体育训练的学生(体育生)分入球类组、技巧组、重竞技组、田径项目组,其余(非体育生)则分入休闲组和无运动项目组。采用中国版10项目大五人格量表(TIPI-C)测得受试者开放性、尽责性、外向性、宜人性和神经质这五种人格特质;采用GT3X+三轴加速传感器测量其日常连续7 d体力活动水平,设置界值参数,将体力活动分为轻强度(LPA)、中等强度(MPA)和大强度(VPA);采用双能X线检测上肢、下肢及全身骨密度值。采用PROCESS检验和Sobel检验探讨体育活动或大五人格模型的中介作用。以体力活动和大五人格作为中介变量,探讨大五人格、体力活动和骨密度之间的关联性。对六大组运动项目进行体力活动和骨密度比较。利用相关性分析探讨不同强度体力活动和骨密度之间的关联性。结果虽然体力活动、大五人格与骨密度之间存在90种潜在的关系,但只有3种关系显著。当尽责性是自变量,MPA是中介变量,PROCESS的结果差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),MPA对上肢骨密度的中介效应为17.3%,对下肢骨密度的中介效应为19.4%,对全身骨密度的中介效应为19.1%。男生中,六大项目的LPA差异无统计学意义,MPA和VPA差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);女生中,LPA、MPA和VPA在六大项目中的差异均有统计学意义。且MPA和VPA的差异更为明显(P<0.05)。无论男生还是女生,上肢、下肢和整体骨密度在六大项目的整体比较中,差异皆有统计学意义(P<0.05),这种差异在女生中更加明显。在男生和女生中,LPA和骨密度之间没有相关性。MPA、VPA均与骨密度呈正相关,其中MPA与上肢骨密度、下肢骨密度、全身骨密度的相关系数,男生在0.11~0.14(P<0.05),女生在0.20~0.23(P<0.01)。VPA与上肢骨密度、下肢骨密度、全身骨密度的相关系数,男生在0.11~0.23(P<0.05),女生在0.26~0.30(P<0.01)。结论MPA与尽责性人格特质得分高的大学生的骨密度有一定关联;MPA和VPA与骨密度水平呈低度正相关,这些关联在女生中更为明显。

Objective To explore the correlation between 5 dimensions of personality,physical activity(PA),and bone mineral density(BMD)among college students.Methods A total of 705 undergraduates(329 males and 376 females)from a sports university were recruited.Based on their sports training experience,the participants were divided into 6 major sports groups,including ball sports,skilled sports,competitive sports,track and field,leisure sports,and no sports.Students with professional sports training(ie,athletes)were categorized into ballgame,skilled,competitive,and track and field groups,while the rest(non-athletes)were placed in leisure and no sports groups.Ten-Item Personality Inventory in China(TIPI-C),or the 5-factor model of personality,was used to measure the 5 personality dimensions of openness,conscientiousness,extraversion,agreeableness,and neuroticism of the participants.Their daily level was measured with GT3X+triaxial accelerometers over 7 continuous days.Then,parameter thresholds were established and the participants'PA was categorized as light(LPA),moderate(MPA),and vigorous(VPA).The bone mineral density(BMD)of arms,legs,and the total body was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.The mediation effect of PA and that of the 5-factor model of personality were tested using PROCESS and Sobel tests.The correlation between the 5 personality dimensions,PA,and BMD was explored,with PA and the 5 personality dimensions as mediator variables.A comparison of PA and BMD was conducted across the 6 major sports groups.The correlation between PA of different intensities and BMD was also analyzed using Spearman's correlation.Results Although there were 90 potential relationships between PA,the 5 personality dimensions,and BMD,only 3 were significant.When conscientiousness was used as an independent variable and MPA,as a mediating variable,statistically significant differences in PROCESS results were reported(P<0.01),with MPA mediating 17.3%of arm BMD,19.4%of leg BMD,and 19.1%of total body BMD.Among male students,there was no significant difference in LPA among the 6 groups,but significant differences in MPA and VPA(P<0.05).Among female students,significant differences in LPA,MPA,and VPA were observed in all 6 groups and the differences between MPA and VPA were especially prominent(P<0.05).For both males and females,the differences in arm,leg,and total body BMD across the 6 groups were statistically significant(P<0.05),with these differences being more pronounced in females.There was no correlation between LPA and BMD in either sex.MPA and VPA were positively correlated with BMD,with MPA correlating with arm,leg,and total body BMD(males,Spearman's correlation[rs]:0.11-0.14,P<0.05;females,rs:0.20-0.23,P<0.01).VPA correlated with arm,leg,and total body BMD(males,rs:0.11-0.23,P<0.05;females,rs:0.26-0.30,P<0.01).Conclusion MPA is associated with BMD in college students scoring high in the conscientiousness dimension of personality.In addition,there is a weak positive correlation between both MPA and VPA and BMD levels,with these associations being more pronounced in females.