陕西省放射工作人员职业健康检查结果分析

Analysis of the results of occupational health examination of radiation workers in Shaanxi Province

目的分析陕西省放射工作人员职业健康检查结果,为有效进行职业健康监护提供依据和参考。方法于2016年4月至2022年1月,用问卷调查方式收集陕西省2016至2021年具有资质的放射工作人员职业健康检查的基本情况,并且根据放射工作人员职业健康检查异常率,按照整群分层随机抽样的方法抽取1018人,分析不同岗位、工种、性别、工龄、受照剂量职业健康检查结果。结果2016至2021年陕西省放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率分别为0.26%(10/3876)、0.77%(27/3512)、0.16%(16/10153)、0.09%(13/14769)、0.10%(13/13399)、0.12%(20/16671),甲状腺彩超检查异常率分别为32.33%(150/464)、24.46%(649/2653)、55.24%(786/1423)、32.89%(888/2700)、35.69%(1475/4133)、42.51%(1993/4688),不同年份异常率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);男性放射工作人员肾功能检查异常率高于女性(P<0.05);与非医疗应用者比较,医疗应用放射工作人员的肾功能、甲状腺功能、血常规检查异常率较高(P<0.05),医疗应用中介入放射学肾功能、甲状腺功能、血常规检查异常率均高于放射诊断、核医学、放射治疗(P<0.05);心电图、胸片、血压、甲状腺功能、血常规检查异常率随工龄升高而升高(P<0.05);血压、肝功能、肾功能、甲状腺功能、血常规异常率随受照剂量升高而升高(P<0.05)。结论放射工作人员职业健康状况不容乐观,应加强职业健康监护,尤其是介入放射岗位职业健康检查,以及眼晶状体、甲状腺等敏感器官指标变化,切实保障放射工作人员健康。

Objective To analyze the results of occupational health examinations of radiation workers in Shaanxi Province,and to provide basis and reference for effectively conduct occupational health monitoring.Methods From April 2016 to January 2022,a questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the basic information on occupational health examinations of qualified radiation workers in Shaanxi Province from 2016 to 2021.Based on the abnormal rate of occupational health among radiation workers,1018 people were randomly selected using a cluster stratified sampling method to analyze the occupational health examination results of different positions,types of work,gender,length of service,and exposure doses.Results The chromosomal aberration rates of peripheral blood lymphocytes among radiation workers in Shaanxi Province from 2016 to 2021 were 0.26%(10/3876),0.77%(27/3512),0.16%(16/10153),0.09%(13/14769),0.10%(13/13399),and 0.12%(20/16671),respectively.The abnormal rates of thyroid ultrasound examination were 32.33%(150/464),24.46%(649/2653),55.24%(786/1423),32.89%(888/2700),35.69%(1475/4133),and 42.51%(1993/4688),respectively.There was a statistically significant difference in the abnormal rates among different years(P<0.05).The abnormal rate of renal function examination in male radiation workers was higher than that in females(P<0.05).Compared with non medical users,the abnormal rates of renal function,thyroid function,and blood routine examination in medical radiation workers were higher(P<0.05),and the abnormal rates of renal function,thyroid function,and blood routine examination in medical applications were higher than those in radiation diagnosis,nuclear medicine,and radiation therapy(P<0.05).The abnormal rates of electrocardiogram,chest X-ray,blood pressure,thyroid function,and blood routine increased with the length of service(P<0.05).The abnormal rates of blood pressure,liver function,kidney function,thyroid function,and blood routine examination increased with the exposure dose(P<0.05).Conclusion The occupational health status of radiation workers is not optimistic.Occupational health monitoring should be strengthened,especially interventional radiation diagnosis occupational health examination,as well as changes in the indicators of sensitive organs such as eye lens and thyroid,so as to ensure the health of radiation workers.