2017—2021年广州市某地区流感的流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological Characteristics of Influenza in a Certain Area of Guangzhou From 2017 to 2021

目的分析广州市某地区流感样病例的病原学和流行病学特征,了解该地区甲型流感和乙型流感的感染率及流行态势,为流感防控提供可靠依据。方法收集2017—2021年在某三甲医院就诊的流感样病例标本进行甲型流感和乙型流感胶体金抗原检测,采用χ^(2)检验比较甲型流感和乙型流感的流行时间分布、易感人群年龄、性别分布差异。结果共收集流感样症状和体征的患者65801例,其中确诊为流感10358例,流感阳性率为15.74%,以甲型流感为主。甲型流感阳性率2020年最高(15.18%);乙型流感阳性率2019年最高(8.22%);甲型流感和乙型流感共同感染的阳性率2018年最高(0.38%)。不同季节流感阳性率在春季最高(19.52%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);其中甲型流感阳性率在春季最高(15.47%),乙型流感阳性率在夏季最高(10.93%),甲型流感和乙型流感共同感染阳性率在冬季最高(0.27%)。不同年龄组流感病毒阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),甲型流感和乙型流感在>6~11岁年龄组的阳性率均最高。甲型流感和乙型流感阳性率均是男性略高于女性,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论广州地区2017—2021年流感以甲型流感为主,>6~11岁儿童高发,甲型流感在春季高发,乙型流感在夏季高发。因此,监测广州地区流感的流行趋势,及时发现变异株,为流感防控措施调整提供理论基础和依据。

Objective To analyze the etiological and epidemiological characteristics of influenza-like cases in a district of Guangzhou City,and to understand the infection rate and epidemic situation of influenza A and influenza B viruses in the area.Provide a reliable basis for influenza prevention and control.Methods The specimens of influenza-like cases treated in a tertiary A hospital from 2017 to 2021 were collected for detection of influenza A and influenza B colloidal gold antigens,and the χ^(2) test was used to compare the time distribution,age distribution and gender distribution of susceptible population of influenza A and influenza B.Results A total of 65801 patients with influenzalike symptoms and signs were collected,of which 10358 were diagnosed with influenza,and the influenza positive rate was 15.74%,mainly influenza A.The positive rate of influenza A was the highest in 2020(15.18%),the positive rate of influenza B was the highest in 2019(8.22%),the positive rate of co-infection of influenza A and B was the highest in 2018(0.38%).The positive rate of influenza in different seasons was the highest in spring(19.52%),the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).The positive rate of influenza A was the highest in spring(15.47%),and the positive rate of influenza B was the highest in summer(10.93%),the positive rate of co-infection of influenza A and B was the highest in winter(0.27%).There were significant differences in the positive rates of influenza virus in different age groups(P<0.001).The positive rates of influenza A and B were highest in the>6-11 age group.The positive rates of influenza A and B were slightly higher in males than in females,but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion Influenza A is the main type of influenza in Guangzhou from 2017 to 2021,with high incidence in children aged>6-11 years,and influenza A is most prevalent in spring and influenza B is most prevalent in summer.Therefore,it is necessary to monitor the epidemic trend of influenza in Guangzhou and find the mutant strains in time to provide theoretical basis and basis for the adjustment of influenza prevention and control measures.