脊柱后路手术患者压力性损伤预防管理的研究进展

Research Progress in Prevention and Management of Stress Injuries in Patients Undergoing Posterior Spinal Surgery

后路手术是胸椎腰椎疾病患者的主要手术治疗方式,对减轻损伤以及恢复脊神经功能有较好的效果。但该手术治疗的患者在手术过程中需要采取强制俯卧位,而且有较长的手术时间,发生术中获得性压力性损伤的概率较高。发生后不仅给患者带来疼痛甚至病死,而且延长患者住院时间,增加其经济负担。术中获得性压力性损伤(intraoperation-acquired pressure injury,IAPI)越来越受护士的重视,其中关键在于预防。文章综述预防管理脊柱后路手术患者压力性损伤,涵盖了原因、风险评估、预防策略及管理模式。旨在为手术室护士的早期风险识别、有效护理干预、及时采取针对性措施及管理方式提供依据,有利于降低手术患者压力性损伤发生。

Posterior surgery is the main surgical treatment for patients with thoracic and lumbar spine diseases,which has a good effect on reducing injury and restoring spinal nerve function.However,the patients treated by this operation need to take a forced prone position during the operation,and the operation time is longer,and the probability of intraoperative acquired stress injury was higher.Intraoperative acquired stress injury not only causes pain and even death,but also significant ly prolongs the hospital stay and increases the economic burden of patients.More and more nurses pay attention to intraoperationacquired pressure injury(IAPI),and the key is to prevent it.This paper reviews the prevention and management of stress injuries in patients undergoing posterior spinal surgery,including causes,risk assessment,prevention strategies and management models.The aim is to provide basis for early risk identification,effective nursing intervention,timely adoption of targeted measures and management methods for operating room nurses,which is conducive to reducing the occurrence of surgical patients with stress injuries.