≤3岁婴幼儿蛋白质-能量营养不良情况调查及危险因素分析

Investigation and Risk Factor Analysis of Protein-Energy Malnutrition in Infants≤3 Years Old

目的调查≤3岁婴幼儿蛋白质-能量营养不良状况,分析其危险因素,并给予喂养指导建议。方法选取2021年1月至2022年6月在焦作市妇幼保健院儿童保健门诊健康体检的860例0~3岁婴幼儿,测量身高(身长)和体重,并采用问卷调查婴幼儿相关基本情况,根据有无蛋白质-能量营养不良将其分为营养不良组和营养正常组,采用多因素logistic回归分析蛋白质-能量营养不良的影响因素。结果本次共调查860例0~3岁婴幼儿,发放问卷860份,回收有效问卷847份,回收有效率为98.49%(847/860);847例婴幼儿中蛋白质-能量营养不良发生率为6.38%(54/847),其中生长迟缓率、低体重率、消瘦率分别为5.67%(48/847)、2.72%(23/847)、2.83%(24/847);营养不良组>12~24月龄婴幼儿、农村居住、主要看护人受教育程度小学及以下、家庭人均年收入<2万元占比均高于营养正常组(P<0.05);多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,>12~24月龄、农村居住地、主要看护人受教育程度为小学及以下、家庭人均年收入<2万元均是婴幼儿蛋白质-能量营养不良的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论≤3岁婴幼儿营养状况有待改善,>12~24月龄、农村居住地、主要看护人受教育程度为小学及以下、家庭人均年收入<2万元均是婴幼儿蛋白质-能量营养不良的危险因素。

Objective To investigate the protein-energy malnutrition in infants≤3 years old,analyze their risk factors,and give feeding guidance suggestions.Methods A total of 860 infants aged 0-3 years who were examined in the child health clinic of Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2021 to June 2022 were selected.Their height(length)and weight were measured,and the basic information of infants was investigated by questionnaire.They were divided into malnutrition group and normal nutrition group according to whether they had protein-energy malnutrition,and the influencing factors of protein-energy malnutrition were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression.Results A total of 860 infants aged 0-3 years were investigated,860 questionnaires were distributed,and 847 valid questionnaires were recovered,with the recovery effective rate of 98.49%(847/860).The incidence of protein-energy malnutrition in 847 infants was 6.38%(54/847),among which the growth retardation rate,low body weight rate and weight loss rate were 5.67%(48/847),2.72%(23/847)and 2.83%(24/847)respectively.The proportion of children aged>12-24 months old,rural residents,education level of primary school and below of main caregivers,and annual per capita income of families in malnutrition group was higher than that in normal nutrition group(P<0.05).The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the age of>12-24 months,the rural residence,the education level of primary school and below of the main caregivers,and the person capita annual income of families<20000 yuan were all independent risk factors for protein-energy malnutrition in infants(P<0.05).Conclusion The nutritional status of infants≤3 years old needs to be improved.The risk factors for protein-energy malnutrition of infants and young children are>12-24 months,rural residence,education level of primary school and below of main caregivers,and annual person capita income of families<20000 yuan.