椎体强化术后骨水泥渗漏危险因素及预防措施的研究进展

Research progress on risk factors and preventive measures of bone cement leakage after vertebroplasty

椎体强化术是治疗骨质疏松性和病理性骨折的脊柱微创手术,目前临床应用广泛。但术中骨水泥渗漏是其最常见的并发症,可能导致血管栓塞、神经损伤、相邻椎体再骨折等严重后果。本文综述了骨水泥渗漏的危险因素,包括解剖、骨折、手术、骨水泥、疾病因素,以及目前常用的预防措施,如优化手术方式、新型材料的使用。并指出了目前研究中存在的问题和不足,提出了未来的研究方向,以期为临床工作提供参考,提高手术安全性。

Osteoporotic and pathological fractures can be treated by vertebral augmentation,these techniques are widely applied in clinical practice.However,bone cement leakage during operation is the most common complication,which may lead to vascular embolism,nerve injury,and refracture of adjacent vertebrae.This article reviews the risk factors of bone cement leakage,including anatomy,fracture,surgery,bone cement,disease factors,and common preventive measures,such as optimal surgical methods and the use of novel materials.It also identifies the gaps and limitations in the existing research and suggests future research directions,aiming to provide guidance for clinical work and enhance surgical safety.