药食同源植物杜仲化学成分、药理作用及产品开发的研究概况

Chemical Constituents,Pharmacological Effect,and Product Development of Eucommia ulmoides with Both Medicinal and Edible Values:A Review

杜仲(Eucommia ulmoides),又称胶木,为杜仲科杜仲属植物,在我国已有超过两千年的药用历史。杜仲通常使用其干燥的树皮和叶子入药。由于其在临床应用中的较高安全性,杜仲叶已在2019年通过食用安全性评价正式列为药食同源物质,成为食品和保健品开发的有力资源。根据中医理论,杜仲具有补肝肾、强筋骨、安胎等功效。现代研究表明,杜仲的不同部位,如皮、叶、花和种子等,含有类似的化学成分,主要包括苯丙素类、萜类、黄酮类、酚酸类、甾体和多糖类等物质。杜仲因其丰富的成分,具有降血压、降血脂、降血糖、预防骨质疏松、抗肿瘤、抗菌抗病毒、抗炎、抗氧化、肝保护等多种药理作用,因此具有开发多样化药食同源产品的潜力。该文对杜仲不同部位的化学成分、药理作用及代表性的药食同源产品进行了系统整理,旨在为杜仲及其活性成分的临床应用及药食同源产品的开发利用提供理论参考。这将有助于深入了解杜仲的药用特性,并为进一步探索其在健康领域的应用提供指导。作为一种传统药食同源植物,杜仲将在未来的研究中引起更多关注,并有望为人们的健康作出更多贡献。

Eucommia ulmoides,a plant belonging to Eucommiaceae,has a history of medical use for over two thousand years in China.The dried bark and leaves of this plant are usually used as medicinal materials.Due to the high safety in clinical application,E.ulmoides leaves were officially recognized for both medicinal and edible use by the food safety evaluation in 2019,providing a valuable resource for the development of food and health products.According to the traditional Chinese medicine theory,E.ulmoides has the effects of nourishing the liver and kidneys,strengthening sinews and bones,and calming fetus.Modern research has shown that different parts such as the bark,leaves,flowers,and seeds of E.ulmoides contain similar chemical components,including phenylpropanoids,terpenoids,flavonoids,phenolic acids,steroids,and polysaccharides.E.ulmoides exhibits diverse pharmacological activities such as lowering blood pressure and blood lipid and glucose levels,preventing osteoporosis and possesses anti-tumor,anti-bacterial,antiviral,antiinflammatory,antioxidant,and hepatoprotective effects.Therefore,it holds great potential for the development of products with both medicinal and edible values.This review systematically summarizes the chemical constituents,pharmacological activities,and representative medicinal and edible products of different parts of E.ulmoides.It is expected to provide theoretical references for the clinical application of E.ulmoides and its active components and the development and utilization of the products with both medicinal and edible values.This review contributes to a deeper understanding of the medicinal properties of E.ulmoides and provides guidance for further exploration of its applications in the healthcare field.As a plant with both medicinal and edible values,E.ulmoides is expected to attract more attention in future research and contribute to human health.