从1.0到4.0的中药炮制技术发展现状评析及展望

Review and Prospect of Development Status of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology from 1.0 to 4.0

中药炮制技术的发展应用与中药质量密切相关。现阶段,我国炮制技术整体上仍处于机械化炮制发展阶段,炮制设备种类少,自动化和智能化水平低。炮制过程中缺乏炮制参数的精确控制,导致中药饮片质量不均一。随着大数据时代的到来和“互联网+”的不断发展,中药炮制技术和设备也得到了不断的提高和更新,逐渐转向自动化和智能化的发展方向。中药饮片联动化生产技术将炮制过程中的单一炮制设备组合优化为可进行连续式生产的中药饮片生产线,提高了生产效率。基于机器视觉、电子鼻、电子舌等的炮制经验数字化技术及在线检测技术是中药饮片大规模工业化生产中的主流趋势,也是中药炮制工艺参数标准化的重要前提。而进一步通过将炮制过程及炮制设备与互联网进行对接,实现中药饮片生产流程智能化管控是未来中药饮片产业转型升级的重要过程。该文通过对中药炮制技术不同阶段的发展特点进行归纳总结,梳理炮制理论的应用发展、炮制设备的演变及现阶段中药炮制工业化发展中存在的问题,以期为实现炮制技术的数字化和智能化创新及中药饮片高效、高质生产提供思路与方法。

The development and application of processing technology is closely related to the quality of Chinese medicine.Currently,Chinese medicine processing is still in the mechanization stage with limited processing equipment,low levels of automation and intelligence.As a result,the imprecise control of parameters during processing leads to unstable quality of Chinese herbal pieces.However,with the arrival of the big data era and the continuous development of"Internet+",Chinese medicine processing technology and equipment have been continuously improved and updated,and gradually shifted to the development direction of automation and intelligence.The linkage production technology of Chinese herbal pieces optimizes the separate processing equipment coupling into the production line for continuous manufacture of Chinese herbal pieces,intending to improve production efficiency.The large-scale industrialized production of Chinese herbal pieces tends towards digital technology of processing experience and online inspection technology based on machine vision,electronic nose,and electronic tongue.These technologies are crucial prerequisites for standardizing the parameters of Chinese medicine processing.And further by docking the processing process and equipment with the internet,realizing the intelligent control of the production process is an important process for the transformation and upgrading of Chinese herbal piece industry in the future.In this paper,we summarized the development characteristics of different stages of Chinese medicine processing technology,combed application and development of processing theory,the evolution of processing equipment,and problems in the current industrial development stage of Chinese medicine processing,in order to provide ideas and methods for achieving digital and intelligent innovation of processing technology as well as high-efficient and high-quality production of Chinese herbal pieces.