“禁不住”“不由得”“由不得”的情态类别、演变及差异

On the Modal Categories,Evolutions and Distinctions of"Jinbuzhu"(禁不住),"Bu you de"(不由得)and"You bu de"(由不得)

“禁不住”“不由得”“由不得”具有情态特征。“禁不住”表示“不能制止”“不能承受”“不由自主地”,“不由得”“由不得”表示“不能任由”“不由自主地”。道义情态出现早于动力情态,前者因果关系强于后者。“不由得”“由不得”的二者情态功能互补。三者主观性程度依次渐高,这与情态类别及其比例、施动者被动性强弱、叙说者强迫性强弱有关。“禁不住”句法独立性较强,可单独做谓语。“由不得”25%用于对话,表强烈的劝阻;“不由得”“禁不住”则几乎不用于对话。

The paper argues that"jin bu zhu(禁不住)""bu you de(不由得)"and"you bu de(由不得)"have the feature of modality."Jin bu zhu(禁不住)"means"can't stop","can't bear","can't restrain""Bu you de(不由得)""you bu de(由不得)"means"can't allow"and"involuntarily".The moral modality appears earlier than the dynamic modality,with the former having a stronger causal relationship than the latter.The two modal functions of"bu you de(不由得)"and"you bu de(由不得)"complement each other.The degree of subjectivity of the three is gradually higher,which is related to the category of moods and their proportion,the compulsion of the narrator,the passivity of the actor,and the strength of double negation.The syntactic independence of"can't help it"is strong,and it can be used as a separate predicate."Jin bu zhu(禁不住)"is used in 25%of dialogues,indicating strongly discouraging,while"bu you de(不由得)"and"jin bu zhu(禁不住)"are hardly used in dialogues.