明初禁海法令——财政危机下的艰难抉择

The Ming Dynasty's Maritime Prohibition Laws:Difficult Choices Amidst Financial Crisis

明代所谓“闭关锁国”“片板不许下海”的禁海法令背后并非由于“重农抑商”“重陆轻海”的文化思想封闭等原因,而是由于明代财政立法方面的缺陷导致的财政危机;禁海政策并非贯穿明朝始终,而是随着不同的经济动因变化而呈现不同面貌,其根源都在于明代财政制度所存在的天然缺陷;明初期的禁海政策只是为朝贡贸易作保障的临时性立法,其目的是弥补和挽救明初便面临崩溃的窘迫财政状况。

The so-called"Closed Door,No Sea Voyages"maritime prohibition laws in the Ming Dynasty were not rooted in cultural ideas like"favoring agriculture over commerce"or"favoring the land over the sea."Instead,they were a result of financial crises caused by flaws in fiscal legislation during the Ming Dynasty.The maritime prohibition policies were not consistently enforced throughout the Ming Dynasty;they took on diferent forms as economic factors changed.The root cause of these policies lay in inherent deficiencies within the Ming Dynasty's fiscal system.The maritime prohibition policies in the early Ming period were temporary legislation aimed at safeguarding tribute trade,with the purpose of addressing and salvaging the dire financial situation that the earlyMingDynastywas facing.