过敏原特异性IgE抗体检测在儿童呼吸道过敏性疾病诊治中的应用效果分析

Application effect analysis of allergen-specific IgE antibody detection in diagnosis of children with respiratory tract allergic diseases

目的探讨过敏原特异性免疫球蛋白E(sIgE)抗体在儿童呼吸道过敏性疾病患儿中的阳性分布特征,旨在为临床诊治提供依据。方法采用回顾式分析法对200例呼吸道过敏性疾病患儿过敏原s IgE表达情况进行分析,观察患儿血清总IgE阳性率、过敏原s IgE阳性率及不同类型过敏原s IgE阳性率。结果在200例呼吸道过敏性疾病患儿中,血清总IgE阳性率为68.50%(137/200),其中男性患儿和女性患儿的阳性率分别为68.52%、68.48%,男女患儿的总IgE阳性率无显著差异(P>0.05)。0~3岁、4~6岁、7~12岁患儿的阳性率分别为67.62%、69.56%、69.23%,不同年龄段患儿的总IgE阳性率无显著差异(P>0.05)。过敏性鼻炎、慢性咳嗽、支气管炎、肺炎、哮喘患儿的阳性率分别为68.18%、71.43%、66.67%、73.33%、68.14%,不同疾病类型患儿的总IgE阳性率无显著差异(P>0.05)。200例患儿中过敏原sIgE阳性率为62.50%(125/200)。125例sIgE阳性患儿中,吸入性过敏原sIgE阳性率为35.50%(71/200),食物性过敏原sIgE阳性率为11.00%(22/200),同时存在两组(吸入性和食物性)过敏原s IgE阳性率为16.00%(32/200),不同过敏原sIgE阳性率比较具有显著差异(P<0.05)。过敏原s IgE阳性患儿中,男女患儿数分别为67、58例,阳性率分别为62.04%、63.04%,男女患儿过敏原s IgE阳性率无显著差异(P>0.05)。吸入性过敏原s IgE阳性率患儿中排名靠前的过敏原有(从高到低):粉尘螨(34.50%)、户尘螨(25.50%)、链格孢(18.00%)。食物性过敏原sIgE阳性率患儿中排名靠前的过敏原有(从高到低):鸡蛋白(13.00%)、小麦(8.50%)、花生(6.50%)、大豆(5.00%)、蟹(5.00%)。结论儿童呼吸道过敏性疾病患儿采用血清过敏原sIgE抗体检测能够提供关于过敏原特异性的信息,帮助指导临床诊断和治疗,在疾病诊断与治疗中发挥着较大的作用。

Objective To investigate the positive distribution characteristics of serum allergen-specific immunoglobulin E(sIgE)antibody in children with respiratory tract allergic diseases,so as to provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods The expression of allergen sIgE in 200 children with respiratory tract allergic diseases was by retrospectively analyzed,and the total serum IgE-positive rate,positive rate of allergen sIgE and positive tate of sIgE for different types of allergens were observed.Results Among 200 children with respiratory tract allergic diseases,the total IgE-positive rate was 68.50%(137/200),and the positive rate of male and female children were 68.52%and 68.48%,respectively.There was no significant difference in the total IgEpositive rate between male and female children(P>0.05).The IgE-positive rates were 67.62%,69.56%and 69.23%in children aged 0-3 years,4-6 years and 7-12 years,and there was no significant difference in the total IgE-positive rates among different age groups(P>0.05).The positive rates of allergic rhinitis,chronic cough,bronchitis,pneumonia and asthma were 68.18%,71.43%,66.67%,73.33%and 68.14%,respectively.There was no significant difference in total IgE-positive rate among children with different types of disease(P>0.05).The sIgE-positive rate in 200 children was 62.50%(125/200).Among the 125 sIgE-positive children,the positive rate of inhalant allergen sIgE was 35.50%(71/200),the positive rate of food allergen sIgE was 11.00%(22/200),and the positive rate of both inhalant and food allergen sIgE was 16.00%(32/200).The sIgE positive rate of different allergens was significantly different(P<0.05).Among the allergen sIgE-positive patients,the number of male and female children were 67 and 58 cases,respectively,and the positive rate were 62.04%and 63.04%,respectively.There was no significant difference in allergen sIgE-positive rate between male and female children(P>0.05).The inhalant allergens in sIgE-positive children was ranked(from highest to lowest)as follows:dust mite(34.50%),household dust mite(25.50%),and Alternaria(18.00%).The food allergens in sIgE-positive children was ranked(from highest to lowest)as follows:egg white(13.00%),wheat(8.50%),peanut(6.50%),soybean(5.00%),crab(5.00%)from highest to lowest.Conclusion In children with respiratory tract allergic diseases,serum allergen sIgE antibody detection can provide information about allergen specificity,help guide clinical diagnosis and treatment,and play a significant role in disease diagnosis and treatment.