儿童营养不良的危险因素及营养指导方法探讨

Risk factors nutritional guidance method for malnutrition in children

目的 分析儿童营养不良的危险因素及营养指导方法。方法 采取抽样调查的方法对某地区的800例学龄前儿童的营养不良情况进行调查,对3~6岁儿童的睡眠、运动、饮食、营养摄入的情况以及造成营养不良的危险因素进行分析,制定合理的营养指导对策。结果 800例儿童均采取了体格检查,回收了800份调查问卷。其中,营养不良儿童105例,发生率为13.13%。男性儿童的营养不良发生率高于女性儿童, 5岁儿童的营养不良发生率高于其他年龄儿童,但对比无差异(P>0.05)。营养不良与非营养不良儿童的饮食习惯、是否喜欢运动、就读学校等级、家庭收入情况、居住环境对比,有差异(P<0.05)。通过Logistic回归分析可知:饮食习惯(不喜欢吃肉鱼虾)、家庭收入低、居住环境差是儿童营养不良的独立危险因素(OR=8.149、8.457、4.586, P<0.05)。结论 通过对儿童营养不良的危险因素进行分析,动物蛋白摄入不足、家庭收入低、居住环境差都是重要的原因,因此要针对这些原因制定合理的管理对策,从而减少儿童营养不良的发生,保障儿童健康发育成长。

Objective To analyze the risk factors and nutritional guidance methods of malnutrition in children.Methods A sampling survey was conducted to investigate the malnutrition status of 800 preschool children in a certain area.The sleep,exercise,diet,nutritional intake,and risk factors for malnutrition among children aged 3-6 years were analyzed,and reasonable nutrition guidance strategies were formulated.Results All 800 children underwent physical examination and 800 questionnaires were collected.Among them,105 children were malnourished,with an incidence of 13.13%.The incidence of malnutrition in male children was higher than that in female children,and the incidence of malnutrition in 5-year-old children was higher than children in other ages,but there was no difference in comparison(P>0.05).There were differences between malnourished and non-malnourished children in eating habits,whether they like sports,school grade,family income and living environment(P<0.05).Through Logistic regression analysis,it can be concluded that dietary habits(a lack of liking for fish and shrimp in the diet),low family income,and poor living environment were independent risk factors for the occurrence of malnutrition in children(OR=8.149,8.457,4.586;P<0.05).Conclusion By analyzing the risk factors for malnutrition in children,insufficient animal protein intake,low household income,and poor living environment are all important reasons.Therefore,it is necessary to develop reasonable management strategies for these reasons,in order to reduce the occurrence of malnutrition in children and ensure their healthy development and growth.