互联网企业雇员不满与其应对策略——基于无边界职业生涯导向的分析

Internet Company Employees'Strategies to Dissatisfaction at Work——Exploring the Role of Boundaryless Career Orientation

本文以对6家代表性互联网企业的调研访谈资料作为主要数据来源,采用扎根理论的质性研究方法,探究在互联网企业普遍存在却仍未引起理论界关注的问题——雇员应对自身不满的策略选择。研究发现:(1)互联网企业雇员基于不满的主要策略是被动顺从和退出,次要策略是雇员表达和抗争。(2)无边界职业生涯导向是影响互联网企业雇员基于不满的策略选择的主要因素。雇员选择被动顺从和退出以适应无边界职业生涯发展提出的学习要求、追求职业生涯目标;雇员不倾向采用雇员表达和抗争策略,以减少对无边界职业生涯利益的潜在威胁;如果雇员感知无边界职业生涯发展利益不会受损或已经受损,将会增加雇员采取抗争行动的可能性。在数据分析的基础上,本文构建了互联网企业雇员基于不满的策略选择理论模型,这一模型有助于拓展关于雇员行动选择的系统性研究,对于理解和改善互联网企业的雇佣关系具有理论意义和管理启示。

With employee dissatisfaction becoming increasingly prevalent in Chinese internet companies due to employment relation issues like extensive work effort,illegal dismissal etc.,there is an increasing need for an empirical study that examine how employees cope with dissatisfaction at work.To address this need,we use qualitative data from six Chinese internet companies to present an integrative framework explaining how neoliberalism and internet industry characteristics combine to give rise to intensive boundaryless career orientation among internet company employees,which in turn drive a range of behavioral actions-passive compliance,exit,dissent expression and resistance.We build on this foundation to offer propositions on how boundaryless career orientation leads to employees'strategies:vast majority employees tend to remain in the current unsatisfactory job with underlying commitment to on-the-job learning and enhanced employability,then some of them choose to exit when acceptable alternatives arise.Employees are less likely to express dissent or resist due to the risk of employer retaliation and threat to their boundaryless career development.However,the possibility of employee resistance would increase once the workplace violation has substantially damaged employees'interests of boundaryless career development or when they perceive resistance wouldn't bring much harm to their boundaryless career development.We contribute by providing a theoretical framework that offers new boundaryless career orientation explanations for how internet company employees experience and cope with dissatisfaction at work,and we also highlight its theoretical value and practical implications in improving employment relations in internet companies.