复合蛋白源替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、饲料利用和免疫性能的影响

Effect of dietary replacing fish meal with compound protein source on growth performance,feed utilization,and immune performance of Litopenaeus vannamei

试验旨在研究饲料中使用复合蛋白源(猪血球蛋白粉、玉米蛋白粉和酶解脱脂黑水虻粉)替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、饲料利用、免疫性能和耐氨性的影响。挑选初重(1.01±0.01)g健康有活力的凡纳滨对虾1440尾,随机分为6组,每组4个重复,每个重复60尾凡纳滨对虾。复合蛋白源分别等氮、等脂替代0、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%的鱼粉,分别命名为M1组、M2组、M3组、M4组、M5组和M6组。试验期56 d。结果显示,M4组凡纳滨对虾的增重率和特定生长率显著高于M1组(P<0.05)。M2组、M3组和M4组凡纳滨对虾的饲料效率显著高于M1组(P<0.05)。M6组凡纳滨对虾血清中谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性和总胆固醇(CHO)、甘油三酯(TG)含量显著高于M1组(P<0.05),血清中碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性和总蛋白(TP)含量显著低于M1组(P<0.05)。M6组凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)的活性显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),丙二醛(MDA)含量显著高于M1组、M2组和M3组(P<0.05)。氨氮胁迫18 h后,M6组凡纳滨对虾存活率显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。研究表明,饲料中复合蛋白源替代鱼粉比例为60%时,可以改善凡纳滨对虾的生长性能,复合蛋白源替代鱼粉比例过高(超过80%)会降低凡纳滨对虾的饲料利用率、免疫力及抗应激能力。

The study was to investigate the effect of replacing fish meal with a compound protein source(pig hemoglobin powder,corn protein powder,and enzymolysis defatted black soldier fly powder)in feed on the growth performance,feed utilization,immune performance,and ammonia resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei.A total of 1440 healthy and active Litopenaeus vannamei with an initial weight of(1.01±0.01)g were randomly divided into six groups,with four replicates in each group,and 60 Litopenaeus vannamei in each replicate.0,20%,40%,60%,80%,and 100%of fish meal were replaced by compound protein sources with equal nitrogen and equal fat,respectively,named as the M1 group,M2 group,M3 group,M4 group,M5 group,and M6 group.The experiment lasted for 56 days.The results showed that the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of Litopenaeus vannamei in the M4 group were significantly higher than the M1 group(P<0.05).The feed efficiency of Litopenaeus vannamei in the M2 group,M3 group,and M4 group was significantly higher than the M1 group(P<0.05).The activity of aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT),as well as the contentrations of total cholesterol(CHO),alanine aminotransferase(TG)in serum of Litopenaeus vannamei in the M6 group were significantly higher than the M1 group(P<0.05),and the activity of alkaline phosphatase(AKP)and total protein(TP)content in serum of Litopenaeus vannamei in the M6 group was significantly lower than the M1 group(P<0.05).The activity of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and acid phosphatase(ACP)in the hepatopancreas of Litopenaeus vannamei in the M6 group were significantly decreased compared to other groups(P<0.05),and the content of MDA was significantly higher than that in the M1 group,M2 group and M3 group(P<0.05).After an ammonia challenge for 18 hours,the survival rate of Litopenaeus vannamei in the M6 group was significantly lower than that in other groups(P<0.05).The study indicates that the growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei improved significantly when the fish meal is replaced by a compound protein source at a ratio of 60%,and that compound protein source to replace fish meal proportion is too high(over 80%)will reduce the feed utilization,immunity,and anti-stress ability of Litopenaeus vannamei.