冷应激对奶牛的影响及其防控措施

Effect of cold stress on dairy cows and its prevention and control measures

奶牛冬季冷应激问题已经成为影响畜牧业健康发展的重要问题之一。冷应激会导致奶牛采食量降低,产奶量和生产繁殖性能下降,严重影响奶牛养殖户的经济效益。内蒙古地处寒冷地区,动物长期处于寒冷环境,受冷应激影响较为常见。为了更具体地了解冷应激对奶牛生产性能的影响,文章综述了冷应激对奶牛的行为、产奶量、神经内分泌、生化指标、免疫、抗氧化功能、肠道菌群等方面的影响,总结了目前预防奶牛冷应激有效的防控措施,以期为奶牛冷应激预防及缓解工作的进一步研究提供参考。

The winter cold stress of dairy cows has become one of the important problems affecting the healthy development of animal husbandry.Cold stress will lead to the decrease of feed intake,milk yield and reproductive performance of dairy cows,and seriously harm the economic benefits of dairy farmers.Inner Mongolia is located in a cold region,where animals are in a cold environment for a long time,and the impact of cold stress is more common.In order to more specifically understand the effects of cold stress on the production performance of dairy cows,the paper reviews the effects of cold stress on the behavior,milk yield,neuroendocrine,biochemical indexes,immune,antioxidant function,intestinal flora and other aspects of dairy cows,and summarizes the effective prevention and control measures to prevent cold stress of dairy cows,to provide reference for further research on the prevention and relief of cold stress in dairy cows.