基于MaxEnt模型的兴隆山保护区野生马麝秋季生境适宜性评价

Assessment of habitat suitability in autumn for wild alpine musk deer in Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve with MaxEnt model

生境适宜性评价对野生动物保护及自然保护区管理均具有重要意义。甘肃兴隆山国家级自然保护区是我国野生马麝(Moschus chrysogaster)的重要分布区,为了解该保护区野生马麝的生境状况,本研究利用红外相机于2021年秋季在兴隆山保护区采集野生马麝分布数据,结合地形、归一化植被指数(NDVI)、距离河流距离和距离道路距离等环境因子变量,通过MaxEnt模型对野生马麝的秋季生境进行了适宜性评价。结果表明:NDVI、道路距离、河流距离和海拔是影响兴隆山保护区野生马麝秋季生境适宜性的主要因子,其贡献率分别为33.20%、22.70%、16.70%和14.60%;兴隆山保护区野生马麝的秋季潜在适宜区面积为75.22 km^(2),占保护区面积的26.13%;其中,高适宜区主要分布在保护区西北部和东南部区域,占保护区面积3.26%。本研究确定了兴隆山保护区野生马麝秋季适宜生境的分布状况及关键环境影响因子,可为优化野生马麝保护和生境管理提供重要参考。

Habitat suitability assessment is of great significance for wildlife conservation and nature reserve management.To understand the habitat condition of wild alpine musk deer(Moschus chrysogaster)in Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve,infrared cameras were utilized to collect the distribution data of wild alpine musk deer from September to November in 2021.With the topography,NDVI,distance from rivers and distance from roads as environmental variables,we evaluated the habitat suitability of wild alpine musk deer in autumn by MaxEnt model.The results showed that NDVI,distance from roads,distance from rivers,and elevation were the main factors influencing the suitability of autumn habitat of wild alpine musk deer in the reserve,with the contributions of 33.20%,22.70%,16.70%and 14.60%,respectively.The area of potential autumn suitability of wild alpine musk deer in the reserve was 75.22 km^(2),accounting for 26.13%of the reserve area.The highly suitable area was mainly distributed in the northwestern and southeastern areas of the reserve,accounting for 3.26%of the reserve area.This study quantified the distribution of suitable habitats in autumn and key environmental impact factors of wild alpine musk deer in the reserve,which can benefit the conservation and habitat management of the wild alpine musk deer.