低温及赤霉素对八仙花盆花花期调控技术的影响

Effects of Low Temperature and Combined Gibberellin on the Regulation Techniques of Flowering Stage of Potted Hydrangea

以八仙花‘无尽夏’为试材,通过4℃低温调控及不同浓度和不同喷施间隔的激素(GA3)处理,观察分析各处理的花期、开花时长变化及统计平均花序数和开花时长,研究了温度及赤霉素对八仙花花期的影响,以期在保证开花品质的前提下调控八仙花花期于春节乃至元旦前后,探究最优促花模式。结果表明:在4℃条件下低温5、6、7周均可提前八仙花盆花花期,且随低温时长的增加植株生长越好。其中,低温7周后进行加温催花仅需81 d即可到达初花期,较自然低温花期提前51 d,且可观花天数持续82 d左右,但低温时长较短时开花天数相对缩短、观花效果不佳。较单一低温处理,结合适宜浓度赤霉素的喷施可增强促花效果,进一步提前花期,但过高过低浓度易造成花序伸长畸形或推迟花期。低温6周后连续3次间隔7 d进行喷施浓度为7.5 mg·kg^(-1)的赤霉素,促花效果最好,可于1月20日左右进入初花期,观花长达60 d,同时整体植株具有更好的观赏品质。若想进一步提前花期可在低温7周后进行赤霉素的喷施。筛选所得最佳调控组合,可供生产中利用低温诱导和外源赤霉素调控八仙花盆花花期并提高催花质量,为盆栽八仙花花期调控技术及机理研究提供参考依据。

Taking‘Endless Summer’as the test material,the experiment mainly used 4℃low temperature regulation and hormone(GA3)treatment with different concentrations and spraying intervals to observe and analyze the changes in flowering period and flowering duration of each treatment,as well as statistical average flower number and flowering duration.The effect of temperature and gibberellin on the flowering period of the Hydrangea flower was studied,in order to regulate the flowering period of the Hydrangea before and after the Spring Festival and even New Year′s Day,while ensuring the quality of flowering,and explore the optimal flower promotion mode.The results showed that low temperature for 5,6 and 7 weeks could advance the flowering period of potted Hydrangea,and the plant growth improved with the increase of low temperature duration.Among them,heating and promoting flowering after 7 weeks of low temperature only taked 81 days to reach the initial flowering stage,which was 51 days earlier than the natural low temperature flowering stage,and the number of days observing flowers lasted for about 82 days.However,the flowering time was relatively short and the effect of observing flowers was not good.Compared to a single low-temperature treatment,combined with the appropriate concentration of gibberellin spraying could enhance the effect of promoting flowering and further advance the flowering period.However,high or low concentrations could easily cause abnormal inflorescence elongation or delay the flowering period.After 6 weeks of low temperature,spraying gibberellin with a concentration of 7.5 mg·kg^(-1) three times at intervals of 7 days had the best effect on promoting flowering.It could enter the initial flowering period around January 20th,and the flower observation could last for 60 days.At the same time,the overall plant had better ornamental quality.The best combination could be used to regulate the flowering period of potted Hydrangea by low temperature induction and exogenous gibberellin in production and improve the quality of flower induction,and provide reference for the research on the control technology and mechanism of flowering period of potted Hydrangea.