环状核糖核酸在肝细胞癌中的作用研究进展

Research progress of circular RNA in hepatocellular carcinoma

肝细胞癌(简称肝癌)发病率高,预后差。在其临床救治工作中,早期诊断是争取最佳治疗时机的重要手段,也是提高肝癌预后的主要手段之一。在肝癌的各类早期诊断方法中,肿瘤标志物在其中起着重要作用。血清甲胎蛋白作为肝癌筛查的主要血清学指标,由于其灵敏度不高导致其诊断的准确性差。近年来,随着对肝癌早期诊断标志物的深入研究,对其灵敏度、特异性的要求也越来越高。环状核糖核酸(circ RNA)一般有3种特性,包括保守性、组织特异性和一定的丰度,可以在一些疾病中发挥特殊的分子标记作用,包括肿瘤。很多研究证明circ RNA在多种类型的癌症中异常表达,并参与肿瘤的多种生物学和病理过程,提示circ RNA有望成为很多肿瘤的诊断或者预后生物标志物。本文就circ RNA在肝癌中的基础与临床研究进展进行综述。

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)has a high incidence and poor prognosis.In the clinical treatment of HCC,early diagnosis is an important means to obtain the best treatment time,and also the most vital means to improve the prognosis.Among all kinds of early diagnosis methods of HCC,tumor biomarkers play the most significant role.The diagnostic accuracy of serum alpha fetoprotein(AFP),as the main indicators for HCC screening,the accuracy of its diagnosis is poor because of its low sensitivity.In recent years,with the in-depth research of biomarkers for early diagnosis of HCC,the requirements for sensitivity and specificity are getting higher and higher.Circular RNA(circ RNA)generally has three properties,including conserved,tissue-specific and abundant,and may play a special role as a molecular marker in some diseases,including tumors.Many studies have demonstrated that circ RNA was abnormally expressed in various types of cancer and involved in various biological and pathological processes of tumor type,suggesting that circ RNA has the potential to be a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for many tumors.This article reviews the basic and clinical research progress of circ RNA in HCC.