日本特别支援学校教师资格制度及其对我国的启示

The Teacher Qualification System of Special Support Schools in Japan and Its Implications for China

日本教师资格制度经过多年的改革与发展,已经形成了较为科学、完善的国家职业资格体系。特别支援学校教师资格制度的发展与完善有力地保障了特别支援教育教师的质量和专业发展及其队伍建设。《教育职员资格法》及其实施细则对特别支援学校教师资格证的诸多方面作出了详细的规定,经过多次修改,现已形成了较为完整严密的特别支援学校教师资格制度。这一制度以法律为基础,具有综合化与弹性化相结合、职前培养与在职培训相结合、多样化与分级化相结合、资格准入与录用考试相结合等特点,并为我国特殊教育教师资格制度的建立提出了一些建议。

After years of reform and development,the Japanese teaching qualification system has developed into a comparatively scientific and comprehensive national professional qualification system.The development and improvement of the special support school teacher qualification system has firmly safeguarded the quality and professional development of special support education teachers and their team building.The Education Staff Qualifications Act and its implementing regulations set out detailed regulations on many aspects of special support school teacher qualifications,and through numerous amendments,a relatively complete and rigorous system of special support school teacher qualifications has now been developed.This system is based on the law and has the four main features of combining comprehensive and flexible,pre-service training and in-service training,diversification and grading,and combining qualification access and recruitment examination,and provides some suggestions for the establishment of a special education teacher qualification system in China.