近40年来大亚湾造礁石珊瑚群落结构的演变分析

Changes of scleractinian coral communities in the Daya Bay in the last 40 years

本研究采用文献调研、现场调查和室内模拟试验等方法对大亚湾造礁石珊瑚的种群结构演变及其成因进行了探讨。2020年7月现场调查共发现造礁石珊瑚39种,块状的扁脑(Platygyra)、蜂巢(Favia)和角蜂巢(Favites)等是湾内优势珊瑚。1983/1984-2020年,大亚湾珊瑚群落演变的主要特征是曾经优势的鹿角珊瑚(Acropora)和蔷薇珊瑚(Montipora)从湾内基本消失。综合全球珊瑚礁退化大背景和大亚湾独特的水环境分析发现:大亚湾珊瑚群落退化是多方面因素共同作用的结果,其中珊瑚本身的脆弱性和环境中持续的夏季异常高温与低溶解氧含量的共同作用可能是湾内霜鹿角珊瑚(A.pruinosa)退化的主要原因。从湾内珊瑚群落恢复的种源考量,建议加强对刷洲东岛珊瑚群落的保护。

In order to disclose the changes of coral communities in the Daya Bay,literature analysis,field investiga-tion and laboratory simulating experiments were performed.A total of 39 scleractinian coral species were detected in the 2020 field investigation,and massive coral Platygyra,Favia and Favites were dominant in the bay.The inlet coral community change was featured by the near completely lost of once dominant coral Acropora and Montipora during 1983/1984-2020.Analysis based on the background of global coral degradation and the specialty of the sea-water environment in the Daya Bay indicated that the coral community degradation in the Daya Bay is a result of multiple stressors,and the susceptibility of Acropora and the frequent occurrence of high temperature and low con-tent oxygen may be the main cause of inlet A.pruinosa lost.At last,as a potential larva source of inlet coral restora-tion,coral community of Shuazhou East Island should be protected seriously.