连续激光清洗Q235B碳钢锈蚀层的工艺参数对表面质量的影响

Effect of Continuous Laser Cleaning Process Parameters on Surface Quality of Q235B Carbon Steel Rust Layer

采用1080 nm连续激光器对Q235B碳钢上的锈蚀层进行清洗,研究了激光功率以及清洗速度对清洗后试样的表面宏观与微观形貌的影响,分析了不同工艺参数对粗糙度的影响规律,并对清洗后的试样表面进行截面金相观察、元素含量以及物相分析,并结合电化学分析以及硬度检测发现,在清洗速度恒为100 mm·s^(−1)、激光功率为4 kW时,试样表面粗糙度最小为3.94μm,Fe含量处于峰值,O含量处于谷值,激光清洗效果最好。当激光功率恒为7 kW、清洗速度由100 mm·s^(−1)增至500 mm·s^(−1)时,试样表面粗糙度先减小后增大,在清洗速度为400 mm·s^(−1)时达到最小为3.68μm,此时激光单次扫描就能完全清洗锈蚀层,其清洗效率为20.6 m2/h。清洗后的基材表面产生重熔层,这使得锈蚀层清洗后基材表面的耐腐蚀性有相应提高,且其硬度在激光功率为7 kW、清洗速度为100 mm·s^(−1)时相比钢材本身提升接近4倍。在Ansys中建立连续矩形光斑激光清洗模型,并与实验结果对比分析,可以通过该模型为高功率连续激光清洗工艺参数提供选择和效果预估。

In this study,the effects of laser power and cleaning speed on the surface macro-and micromorphology of Q235B carbon steel after the rust layer was cleaned with a continuous laser at 1080 nm,are investigated.Moreover,the effect of different process parameters on roughness is analyzed,and cross-sectional metallographic observations,element content,and compound analysis of the cleaned sample surface are carried out.From hardness test and electrochemical analysis,it is found that the minimum roughness of sample surface is 3.94μm,and the laser cleaning effect is the best when the cleaning speed is constant at 100 mm·s^(−1),laser power is 4 kW,Fe content is the highest,and O content is the lowest.When the laser power is constant at 7 kW,and the cleaning speed increases from 100 mm·s^(−1)to 500 mm·s^(−1),the surface roughness of the specimen first decreases and then increases.The minimum roughness is 3.68μm when the cleaning speed is 400 mm·s^(−1),at which time the laser can completely clean the rust layer in a single scan,and its cleaning efficiency is 20.6 m2·h−1.A remelted layer is generated on the surface of the cleaned substrate,which improves the corrosion resistance of the substrate surface after cleaning the rust layer,and its hardness is approximately 4 times higher than that of the steel when the laser power is 7 kW and the cleaning speed is 100 mm·s^(−1).A continuous rectangular spot laser cleaning model is created using Ansys software and its results are compared with the experimental results to determine the parameters and estimate their effects for the high power continuous laser cleaning process.