声学探测技术在富钴结壳勘探中的应用及展望

Status quo and prospect in acoustic detection technology for submarine cobalt-rich crust exploration

富钴结壳是深海固体矿产之一,其资源潜力巨大,已成为世界各国竞相调查的重要对象。声学探测技术作为一种海洋地球物理探测技术,因其在大面积调查和局部连续精细勘探方面的独特优势,在富钴结壳资源调查中得到了广泛应用。在搜集整理国内外相关文献的基础上,概述了富钴结壳的分布特征,分析传统勘探方法的不足,系统介绍多波束、侧扫声呐、浅地层剖面、原位高频测厚等声学探测技术在富钴结壳勘探中的应用现状。通过比较分析国内外声学探测技术发展现状以及未来富钴结壳勘探需求,提出3点未来发展趋势:开发一体化声学探测技术以实现海底特性的综合性测量;综合利用深海潜水器以实现近底高精度探测;深度融合大数据和人工智能技术以实现海量声学数据的智能化处理。

Cobalt-rich crusts are one of the deep-sea mineral resources with great potential,and have become an important target of exploration in the world.Acoustic detection technology has been widely used to search for co-balt-rich crust resources due to its unique advantages in large-area survey and local continuous fine exploration.The distribution characteristics of cobalt-rich crusts are summarized,the traditional exploration methods are com-mented,the application status of acoustic detection technologies such as multi-beam system,side-scan sonar,sub-bottom profiler probe are reviewed,and in-situ high-frequency thickness measurement in the exploration of cobalt-rich crusts is introduced.In addition,the status quo in research and development in this regard in China and other countries of the world are compared,and three suggestions on future demand of cobalt-rich crusts exploration are proposed:to develop integrated acoustic detection technology to realize comprehensive measurement of seafloor characteristics,to make comprehensive use of deep-sea submersible to achieve high-precision near seabed explor-ation,and to deeply integrate the Big Data and artificial intelligence technology to obtain intelligent processing of massive acoustic data.