海口市学龄前儿童过敏性鼻炎患病情况与居室内环境关系研究

Study on relationship between prevalence of allergic rhinitis and living environment in preschool children in Haikou City

目的 探究海口市学龄前儿童过敏性鼻炎患病情况与居室内环境的关系。方法 2020年12月—2021年1月采取多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取海口市秀英区和龙华区8所幼儿园的3 049名学龄前儿童,采用一般资料问卷、国际儿童过敏性疾病研究(international study of asthma and allergies in childhood,ISAAC)的核心问卷、建筑潮湿与健康调查研究问卷开展问卷调查。结果 海口市3 049名学龄前儿童过敏性鼻炎的患病率为7.15%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄(OR=1.272,95%CI:1.100~1.470)、独生子女(OR=1.547,95%CI:1.152~2.077)、家族史(OR=3.658,95%CI:2.692~4.971)、怀孕前1年地板墙等发霉水损(OR=1.506,95%CI:1.020~2.221)、孩子0~1岁新装修(OR=1.712,95%CI:1.013~2.893)、近12个月内添置新家具(OR=1.437,95%CI:1.017~2.030)、感觉空气潮湿(OR=1.398,95%CI:1.044~1.873)是过敏性鼻炎的危险因素,性别(OR=0.669,95%CI:0.499~0.898)是过敏性鼻炎的保护因素(均P<0.05)。结论 6~7岁的学龄前儿童过敏性鼻炎患病率较高,女孩的患病率低于男孩,独生子女的患病率较非独生子女高,有过敏性鼻炎家族史的儿童患病的可能性大。居室内环境中空气潮湿、地板墙壁发霉水损、居室新装修添置新家具均为学龄前儿童患过敏性鼻炎的危险因素。家长应在日常生活中注意儿童居室内通风清洁,尽量避免学龄前儿童居住在新装修添置新家具的房屋内或在装修选购家具的过程中选择健康环保的材质。

Objective To investigate the relationship between the prevalence of allergic rhinitis and the indoor environment of the living room in preschool children in Haikou City. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 3 049 preschool children from eight kindergartens in Xiuying District and Longhua District of Haikou City from December 2020 to January 2021,and a questionnaire survey was conducted using the general information questionnaire,the core questionnaire and survey and research questionnaire on building dampness and health of the international study of asthma and allergies in childhood(ISAAC). Results The prevalence of allergic rhinitis among 3 049 preschool children in Haikou City was7.15%. The multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed that age(OR=1.272,95%CI:1.100-1.470),only child(OR=1.547,95%CI:1.152-2.077),family history(OR=3.658,95%CI:2.692-4.971),mildew and water damage on the floor and wall in the one year before pregnancy(OR=1.506,95%CI:1.020-2.221),newly renovated house when children are aged 0-1 years old(OR=1.712,95%CI:1.013-2.893),new furniture within the last 12 months(OR=1.437,95%CI:1.017-2.030),feeling damp air(OR=1.398,95%CI:1.044-1.873) were risk factors for rhinitis,and gender(OR=0.669,95%CI:0.499-0.898) was protective factor for allergic rhinitis(P<0.05).Conclusions The prevalence of allergic rhinitis is higher in preschool children aged 6-7 years old. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in female preschool children is lower than that in male preschool children,and the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in only child is higher than that in non-only child. The children with a family history of allergic rhinitis are more likely to be affected. The damp air in the indoor environment,mildew and water damage on the floor and wall,and new decoration and new furniture are risk factors for allergic rhinitis in preschool children. The parents should pay attention to the ventilation and cleanliness of children's rooms in daily life,and try to avoid preschool children living in newly renovated houses with new furniture or choose healthy and environmentally friendly materials in the process of decoration and purchase of furniture.