大尺度生态质量遥感评价方法构建及应用

New framework for large-scale ecological quality evaluation andapplication research using remote sensing data

生态系统是人类生存和经济社会可持续发展的基础,开展生态质量评价可为制定生态保护修复政策和服务于生态文明建设提供科学依据。本文从国家尺度生态质量评价年度业务化运行需求出发,以生态学理论为基础,构建一套表征“功能—稳定—胁迫”3个维度的生态质量评价体系,并利用植被参量和土地利用等遥感数据,对2000年—2018年陆地区域生态质量进行了监测和评价。结果表明:2018年全国生态质量整体状况良好,生态质量中等以上比例达到了36.98%,差等生态质量仅占4.33%。其中,福建、海南、广西等地生态质量最优;2000年—2018年全国53.97%的区域生态质量呈改善趋势,其中,2011年之后改善趋势更为明显;全国部分区域生态质量形势仍然严峻,生态系统功能低、生态系统稳定度差,生态系统胁迫处于较高水平。综上,从全国生态质量评价的应用结果来看,构建的生态质量评价体系方法科学、简单快速、经济可行,能满足区域或国家生态系统质量快速评估的需求。

Ecosystem is the foundation of human survival and sustainable development.Ecological quality evaluation will provide a scientific basis for formulating policies aimed at ecological protection and restoration,which further promote the construction of an ecological civilization.We constructed a remote sensing evaluation framework for ecological quality.This framework consists of“function-stabilitystress”in three dimensions.Then,we used remote sensing data,such as vegetation parameters and land use,to monitor and evaluate the terrestrial ecological quality from 2000 to 2018.The overall ecological quality of the country was in good condition in 2018,with approximately 36.98%of the ecological quality above average and only 4.33%indicating poor ecological quality.Fujian,Hainan,Guangxi,and other provinces showed the best ecological quality.From 2000 to 2018,53.97%of the area ecological quality showed an improvement trend,and the improvement trend was more obvious after 2011.The ecological quality situation in some regions nationwide is still severe.These areas have low ecosystem function,poor ecosystem stability,and high ecosystem stress.By summarizing the results of the national ecological quality assessment,we can observe that the ecological quality evaluation framework is scientific,simple,fast,and economically feasible.Thus,it can meet the requirements of a rapid assessment of regional or national ecosystem quality.